RECHERCHE ETUDE Suicide : des scientifiques étudient le génome des patients ayant tenté de mettre fin à leurs jours

Suicide : des scientifiques étudient le génome des patients ayant tenté de mettre fin à leurs jours

L'étude a montré que les personnes sujettes aux tentatives de suicide ont une plus grande prédisposition génétique pour la dépression, quel que soit le trouble mental dont elles sont atteintes. 

Publié le 07/06/2019 www.ladepeche.fr*

Santé

(Relaxnews) - Existe-t-il une cause biologique au suicide ? C'est la question posée par des chercheurs qui ont étudié le génome d'une vaste cohorte d'humains afin de déterminer si les gènes associés à la dépression, la bipolarité et la schizophrénie pouvaient augmenter le risque de tentative de suicide chez un individu.
Publiés cette semaine dans The American Journal of Psychiatry, les travaux menés ont été réalisés par des chercheurs de l'Icahn School of Medicine à Mount Sinai (New York, Etats-Unis). Les chercheurs ont comparé les génomes de 6 569 personnes ayant fait une tentative de suicide à celui de 17 232 personnes n'ayant pas tenté de se suicider.

Tous étaient atteints de troubles mentaux tels que la dépression majeure, la bipolarité ou la schizophrénie. Les échantillons ont été prélevés à partir de 46 cohortes individuelles issues d'Europe, des États-Unis et d'Australie.
"On sait que les tentatives de suicide reposent en partie sur la génétique et que les études du génome peuvent fournir des renseignements inestimables sur la biologie sous-jacente", explique Niamh Mullins, chercheuse en génomique psychiatrique et autrice principale de l'étude.
Des gènes communs entre dépression majeure et tentative de suicide

L'étude a montré que les personnes sujettes aux tentatives de suicide ont une plus grande prédisposition génétique pour la dépression, quel que soit le trouble mental dont elles sont atteintes. "Ces résultats indiquent l'existence d'une étiologie génétique commune entre les tentatives de suicide (TS) et la dépression majeure", explique la Pre Mullins.
"D'autres efforts de collaboration pour amasser des échantillons à une échelle encore plus grande seront essentiels pour identifier des variantes génétiques spécifiques qui jouent un rôle dans l'augmentation du risque de tentative de suicide", ajoute-t-elle.
A terme, l'objectif de ces recherches est de mettre au point de nouveaux traitements et de nouvelles méthodes de prévention, afin d'alléger le fardeau que le suicide ou les tentatives de suicide représentent pour les patients, les proches et les professionnels de santé.
https://www.ladepeche.fr/2019/06/07/suicide-des-scientifiques-etudient-le-genome-des-patients-ayant-tente-de-mettre-fin-a-leurs-jours,8244032.php


référence Étude citée
 https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18080957
ou  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31164008

Am J Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 5:appiajp201918080957. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18080957. [Epub ahead of print]

GWAS of Suicide Attempt in Psychiatric Disorders and Association With Major Depression Polygenic Risk Scores.

Mullins N ¹, Bigdeli TB¹, Børglum AD ¹, Coleman JRI¹, Demontis D ¹, Mehta D¹, Power RA¹, Ripke S¹, Stahl EA¹, Starnawska A¹, Anjorin A¹; M.R.C.Psych¹, Corvin A¹, Sanders AR¹, Forstner AJ¹, Reif A¹, Koller AC¹, Świątkowska B¹, Baune BT¹, Müller-Myhsok B ¹, Penninx BWJH ¹, Pato C¹, Zai C¹, Rujescu D¹, Hougaard DM¹, Quested D¹, Levinson DF¹, Binder EB¹, Byrne EM¹, Agerbo E¹; Dr.Med.Sc¹, Streit F¹, Mayoral F¹, Bellivier F¹, Degenhardt F ¹, Breen G ¹, Morken G ¹, Turecki G ¹, Rouleau GA ¹, Grabe HJ ¹, Völzke H¹, Jones I¹, Giegling I¹, Agartz I¹, Melle I¹, Lawrence J¹; M.R.C.Psych¹, Walters JTR¹, Strohmaier J¹, Shi J¹, Hauser J¹, Biernacka JM¹, Vincent JB¹, Kelsoe J¹, Strauss JS¹, Lissowska J¹, Pimm J¹; M.R.C.Psych¹, Smoller JW¹, Guzman-Parra J¹, Berger K¹, Scott LJ¹, Jones LA¹, Azevedo MH¹, Trzaskowski M¹, Kogevinas M¹, Rietschel M¹, Boks M¹, Ising M¹, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M¹, Hamshere ML¹, Leboyer M¹, Frye M¹, Nöthen MM¹, Alda M¹, Preisig M¹, Nordentoft M ¹, Boehnke M ¹, O'Donovan MC ¹, Owen MJ ¹, Pato MT ¹, Renteria ME ¹, Budde M ¹; Dipl.-Psych ¹, Weissman MM ¹, Wray NR ¹, Bass N ¹; M.R.C.Psych ¹, Craddock N ¹, Smeland OB ¹, Andreassen OA ¹, Mors O ¹, Gejman PV ¹, Sklar P ¹, McGrath P ¹, Hoffmann P ¹, McGuffin P ¹, Lee PH ¹, Mortensen PB ¹, Kahn RS ¹, Ophoff RA ¹, Adolfsson R ¹, Van der Auwera S¹, Djurovic S¹, Kloiber S¹, Heilmann-Heimbach S¹, Jamain S¹, Hamilton SP¹, McElroy SL¹, Lucae S¹, Cichon S¹, Schulze TG¹, Hansen T¹, Werge T¹, Air TM¹, Nimgaonkar V¹, Appadurai V¹, Cahn W¹, Milaneschi Y¹; Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium¹; Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium¹; Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium¹, Fanous AH¹, Kendler KS¹, McQuillin A¹, Lewis CM¹.

Author information

1 Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London (Mullins, Coleman, R.A. Mehta, Breen, McGuffin, Lewis); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Mullins, Stahl, Sklar); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, (Bigdeli, Fanous); Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Bigdeli, Fanous, Kendler); Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Børglum, Demontis, Starnawska); iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Børglum, Demontis, Starnawska, Mortensen); iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark (Børglum, Demontis, Starnawska, Hougaard, Agerbo, Nordentoft, Mors, Mortensen, Hansen, Werge, Appadurai); Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D. Mehta, Wray); School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D. Mehta); Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Ripke, Lee); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany (Ripke); Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass. (Ripke, Stahl); Department of Psychiatry and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Stahl, Sklar, Kahn); Psychiatry, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, U.K. (Anjorin); Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Corvin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago (Sanders, Gejman); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill. (Sanders, Gejman); Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Forstner); Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Forstner, Hoffmann, Cichon); Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Forstner); Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany (Forstner, Koller, Degenhardt, Nöthen, Hoffmann, Cichon); Life and Brain Center, Department of Genomics, University of Bonn, Germany (Forstner, Koller, Degenhardt, Nöthen, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (Reif); Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Świątkowska); Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Baune); University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. (Müller-Myhsok); Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany (Müller-Myhsok, Binder); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (Müller-Myhsok); Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Rujescu, Giegling); Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Penninx, Milaneschi); College of Medicine Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York (C. Pato); Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York (C. Pato, M.T. Pato); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Zai, Vincent, Strauss, Kloiber); Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rujescu, Giegling); Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (Hougaard); Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. (Quested); Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Levinson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga. (Binder); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Byrne, Trzaskowski, Wray); Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Agerbo, Mortensen); National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Agerbo, Mortensen); Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Streit, Strohmaier, Schulze); Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital. Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain (Mayoral, Guzman-Parra); Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris (Bellivier, Leboyer); Paris Bipolar and TRD Expert Centres, FondaMental Foundation, Paris (Bellivier); UMR-S1144 Team 1: Biomarkers of relapse and therapeutic response in addiction and mood disorders, INSERM, Paris (Bellivier); Psychiatry, Université Paris Diderot, Paris (Bellivier); NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London (Breen); Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway (Morken); Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (Morken); Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal (Turecki); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal. (Rouleau); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (Rouleau); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany (Grabe, Van der Auwera); Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany (Völzke); Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, U.K. (Jones, Hamshere, O'Donovan, Owen, Craddock); Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Agartz); NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Diakonhjemmet Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway (Agartz); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Agartz); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital (Melle); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo (Melle); Psychiatry, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, U.K. (Lawrence); MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, U.K. (Walters); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. (Shi); Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (Hauser); Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Biernacka); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. (Kelsoe); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto (Strauss, Kloiber); Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (Lissowska); Division of Psychiatry, University College London (Pimm, Bass, McQuillin); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Smoller); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass (Smoller, Lee); Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany (Berger); Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Scott, Boehnke); Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, U.K. (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (Azevedo); Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain (Kogevinas); Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (Rietschel); Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Hersencentrum Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Boks, Kahn); Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany (Ising, Kloiber, Lucae); Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (Grigoroiu-Serbanescu); Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France (Leboyer, Jamain); INSERM, Paris (Leboyer); Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Frye); Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (Alda); National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic (Alda); Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Vaud, Switzerland (Preisig); Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (Nordentoft); Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Renteria); Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Budde, Schulze); Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Weissman, McGrath); Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Weissman); Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. (Smeland); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital (Smeland, Andreassen); NORMENT, University of Oslo (Smeland, Andreassen); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark (Mors); Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Sklar); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Hoffmann, Cichon); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Mass. General Hospital, Boston (Lee); Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles (Ophoff); UMC Utrecht Hersencentrum Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ophoff); Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University Medical Faculty, Umeå, Sweden (Adolfsson); NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (Djurovic); Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, (Djurovic); Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Heilmann-Heimbach); Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Inserm U955, Créteil, France (Jamain); Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco (Hamilton); Research Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, Ohio, (McElroy); Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany (Cichon); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Schulze); Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Schulze); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany (Schulze); Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen (Hansen); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (Werge); Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge); Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (Air); Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh (Nimgaonkar); Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Hersencentrum Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Cahn); Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London (Lewis).

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

More than 90% of people who attempt suicide have a psychiatric diagnosis; however, twin and family studies suggest that the genetic etiology of suicide attempt is partially distinct from that of the psychiatric disorders themselves. The authors present the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on suicide attempt, using cohorts of individuals with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.

METHODS:

The samples comprised 1,622 suicide attempters and 8,786 nonattempters with major depressive disorder; 3,264 attempters and 5,500 nonattempters with bipolar disorder; and 1,683 attempters and 2,946 nonattempters with schizophrenia. A GWAS on suicide attempt was performed by comparing attempters to nonattempters with each disorder, followed by a meta-analysis across disorders. Polygenic risk scoring was used to investigate the genetic relationship between suicide attempt and the psychiatric disorders.

RESULTS:

Three genome-wide significant loci for suicide attempt were found: one associated with suicide attempt in major depressive disorder, one associated with suicide attempt in bipolar disorder, and one in the meta-analysis of suicide attempt in mood disorders. These associations were not replicated in independent mood disorder cohorts from the UK Biobank and iPSYCH. No significant associations were found in the meta-analysis of all three disorders. Polygenic risk scores for major depression were significantly associated with suicide attempt in major depressive disorder (R²=0.25%), bipolar disorder (R²=0.24%), and schizophrenia (R²=0.40%).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides new information on genetic associations and demonstrates that genetic liability for major depression increases risk for suicide attempt across psychiatric disorders. Further collaborative efforts to increase sample size may help to robustly identify genetic associations and provide biological insights into the etiology of suicide attempt.

KEYWORDS:

Genome-Wide Association Study; Mood Disorders; Polygenic Risk Scoring; Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Schizophrenia; Suicide

PMID:

31164008

DOI:

10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18080957