source : http://highwire.stanford.edu
AUSTRALIE :
The effectiveness of structural interventions at suicide hotspots: a meta-analysis
Jane Pirkis, Matthew J Spittal, Georgina Cox, Jo Robinson, Yee Tak Derek Cheung, and David Studdert
Int. J. Epidemiol. published 15 March 2013, 10.1093/ije/dyt021 [Abstract]
L'efficacité des interventions structurelles sur les zones sensibles de suicide: une méta-analyse
Certains sites de référence ont acquis une certaine notoriété en tant que «zones sensibles» pour se suicider en sautant. Les interventions structurelles (par exemple barrières et de filets de sécurité) ont été installés à certains de ces sites. Les études individuelles portant sur l'efficacité de ces interventions ont été de faible puissance...
ARIZONA
Latina Teen Suicide and Bullying
Andrea J. Romero, Christina Bracamonte Wiggs, Celina Valencia, and Sheri Baumann
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences. published 15 March 2013, 10.1177/0739986312474237 [Abstract]
Suicide des adolescents latino et intimidation
Adolescents Latino souffrent de dépression et des idées suicidaires de manière disproportionnée par rapport à leurs homologues non-Latina. Nous étudions les symptômes dépressifs et le suicide auprès d'un échantillon échelle de l'État (N = 650) des filles Latina adolescentes en mettant l'accent sur l'intimidation comme un prédicteur.
USA : Differences in Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among 9th and 11th Grade Youth: A Longitudinal Perspective
Lise E. Fried, Sandra Williams, Howard Cabral, and Karen Hacker
The Journal of School Nursing. 2013; 29:113-122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]Les différences dans les facteurs de risque de tentatives de suicide chez les jeunes 9e et 11e année: une perspective longitudinale
Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la relation entre le calendrier des facteurs de développement et de risque pour le suicide des adolescents. Des données représentatives au niveau national de l'enquête Add Health ont été utilisés. La relation entre les caractéristiques socio-démographiques, les facteurs de risque connus, et le calendrier de développement physique et cognitif de style de développement pour tentative de suicide a été évaluée.
DANEMARK : Are there differences in injury mortality among refugees and immigrants compared with native-born?
Marie Norredam, Maja Olsbjerg, Jorgen H Petersen, Bjarne Laursen, and Allan Krasnik
Inj. Prev. 2013; 19:100-105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y at-il des différences dans la mortalité par traumatisme chez les réfugiés et les immigrants par rapport aux natifs? Les auteurs ont étudié la mortalité par traumatisme au Danemark parmi les réfugiés et les immigrants par rapport à celui des Danois de naissance.
CANADA The Impact of Loss of an Adult Child Through Suicide
Journal Watch Psychiatry. 2013; 2013:1. [Full Text]L'impact de la perte d'un enfant adulte par suicide
La perte est le facteur déclenchant le plus important de troubles psychiatriques, et il semble logique que certaines pertes ont un impact plus profond que les autres. Ces chercheurs ont utilisé quatre bases de données couvrant la plupart des résidents d'une province canadienne dans son ensemble afin de déterminer les conséquences pour les parents et beaux-parents () dont les enfants sont morts par suicide (âge moyen, 30; âge <19, 20%; 1415 parents) ou dans un accident de véhicule à moteur (MVA; âge moyen, 25 ans; âge <19, 28%; 1132 parents).
SOURCE PUBMED (du 17/03/2013 au 20/03/2013)
Wetterling T, Schneider B.
Psychiatr Prax. 2013 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print] German.
Kurita M, Moreno JL, Holloway T, Kozlenkov A, Mocci G, Garcia-Bea A, Hanks JB, Neve R, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Gonzalez-Maeso J.
Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print]
Pompili M, Pennica A, Serafini G, Battuello M, Innamorati M, Teti E, Girardi N, Amore M, Lamis DA, Aceti A, Girardi P.
J Psychiatr Pract. 2013 Mar;19(2):109-17. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000428557.56211.cf.
Bagge CL, Littlefield AK, Lee HJ.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Mar 15. doi:pii: S0165-0327(13)00120-1. 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Van Orden KA, Stone DM, Rowe J, McIntosh WL, Podgorski C, Conwell Y.
Contemp Clin Trials. 2013 Mar 15. doi:pii: S1551-7144(13)00036-0. 10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.003. [Epub ahead of print]
Gerkin DG.
Tenn Med. 2013 Feb;106(2):7-8. No abstract available.
Njei B, Lim JK.
Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2013 Jan;6(1):31-2. No abstract available.
O'Donovan A, Rush G, Hoatam G, Hughes BM, McCrohan A, Kelleher C, O'Farrelly C, Malone KM.
Depress Anxiety. 2013 Mar 15. doi: 10.1002/da.22087. [Epub ahead of print]
Peñas-Lledó EM, Naranjo ME, Llerena A.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
Frierson RL.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2013;41(1):79-84.
Liu X, Lu D, Zhou L, Su L.
Indian Pediatr. 2012 Dec 5. doi:pii: S097475591200698. [Epub ahead of print]
Mackenzie DW.
Crisis. 2013 Mar 15:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
De Silva S, Parker A, Purcell R, Callahan P, Liu P, Hetrick S.
Crisis. 2013 Mar 15:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]
Pompili M, Lester D, Dominici G, Longo L, Marconi G, Forte A, Serafini G, Amore M, Girardi P.
Schizophr Res. 2013 Mar 14. doi:pii: S0920-9964(13)00097-2. 10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.005. [Epub ahead of print]
Moreira L, Bins H, Toressan R, Ferro C, Harttmann T, Petribú K, Juruena MF, do Rosário MC, Ferrão YA.
J Psychosom Res. 2013 Apr;74(4):313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.12.004. Epub 2012 Dec 29.
Park JY, Han JW, Jeong H, Jeong HG, Kim TH, Yoon IY, Kim KW.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Mar 13. doi:pii: S0165-0327(13)00185-7. 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.025. [Epub ahead of print]
Consoli A, Peyre H, Speranza M, Hassler C, Falissard B, Touchette E, Cohen D, Moro MR, Révah-Lévy A.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2013 Mar 16;7(1):8. [Epub ahead of print]
Ojagbemi A, Oladeji B, Abiona T, Gureje O.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 13;13(1):80. [Epub ahead of print]
Rietjens JA, Raijmakers NJ, Kouwenhoven PS, Seale C, van Thiel GJ, Trappenburg M, van Delden JJ, van der Heide A.
Ahlm K, Saveman BI, Björnstig U.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Mar 11;13(1):216. [Epub ahead of print]
Cox GR, Owens C, Robinson J, Nicholas A, Lockley A, Williamson M, Cheung YT, Pirkis J.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Mar 9;13(1):214. [Epub ahead of print]
Thulesius HO, Scott H, Helgesson G, Lynöe N.
BMC Palliat Care. 2013 Mar 13;12:13. doi: 10.1186/1472-684X-12-13.
Blosnich J, Bossarte R, Silver E, Silenzio V.
Mil Med. 2013 Feb;178(2):207-12.
Paris J.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013 Feb;201(2):143-4. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827f64c8. No abstract available.
Garcia G, Logan GE, Gonzalez-Heydrich J.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2012 Oct;21(4):713-38. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2012.07.012. Review.
Szpak A, Allen D.
J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Nov;26(11):1502-10. doi: 10.1177/0269881112442788. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
Sur http://www.safetylit.org semaine du 23/03/2013
Sur http://www.safetylit.org semaine du 23/03/2013
| A narrative review of secondary hazards in hospitals from cases of chemical self-poisoning and chemical exposure | |
| Citation | Stewart-Evans JL, Sharman A, Isaac J. Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2012; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | aDepartment of Environmental Hazards and Emergencies (EHED), Centre for Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Health Protection Agency, Nottingham City Hospital bAdult Intensive Care Unit, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2012, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins) |
| DOI | 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32835d002c |
| PMID | 23263649 |
| Abstract | Secondary hazards are an important consideration when dealing with
both self-poisoned and chemically contaminated patients. Secondary
exposure of hospital staff following the admission of a poisoned patient
is relatively rare but potentially serious. Risks usually arise from
chemical conversion of a deliberately ingested toxic substance and
subsequent offgassing, but there may be toxic substances on the victim
or their clothing. Surface contamination is a more common concern in
cases where patients have been exposed to chemical releases. This paper
presents a narrative review that considers some of the more commonly
encountered toxic chemicals and situations that may present secondary
hazards in hospitals. Risks to staff can be lowered by reducing the
potential for, and duration of, exposure wherever possible. Good
communication with the first responders at the scene, consultation with
experts, decontamination and use of personal protective equipment,
together with regular training, can minimize risks in the hospital
environment. Language: Eng |
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***
| Citation | Wetterling T, Schneider B. Psychiatr. Prax. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Vernacular Title | Alkoholintoxikation und akute Suizidalität. |
| Affiliation | Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Vivantes Klinikum Hellersdorf, Berlin. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Georg Thieme Verlag) |
| DOI | 10.1055/s-0032-1332987 |
| PMID | 23508776 |
| Abstract | Objective: Although there is a rich literature showing that
addictive disorders are important risk factors for suicide,
corresponding studies on suicidal behavior are rare. This study was
aimed to evaluate the impact of alcohol intoxication on suicidal
behavior.Methods: Prospective study. All patients admitted to a
psychiatric department providing the psychiatric services for a district
of Berlin (250,000 inhabitants) within 15 month.Results: Within this
period 184 persons were admitted after showing suicidal behaviour (n =
227 admissions). 54.3 % of them were alcohol intoxicated (BAC > 1
g/l). Apart from substance use disorders the most common diagnoses were
adjustment disorders (41.0 %), followed by depressive disorders (27.3
%). 28.2 % committed a suicide attempt. All kinds of suicidal behaviour
were accompanied by alcohol intoxication, particularly threatening of
committing suicide. Persons admitted without alcohol ingestion
frequently suffered from depression or schizophrenia.Conclusions: This
study shows that persons showing the suicidal behaviour were frequently
alcohol intoxicated. Language: Ger |
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| Citation | Richard-Devantoy S, Guillaume S, Olié E, Courtet P, Jollant F. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire EA 4638, Université de Nantes et Angers, France. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.049 |
| PMID | 23489393 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Suicidal acts result from a complex interplay between
vulnerability factors, such as reduced social and cognitive abilities,
social stressors. To our knowledge nothing is known about the explicit
recognition of others' facial emotions, a major component of social
interactions, in patients at long-term risk for suicide. METHODS:
Thirty-five non-depressed patients with a history of a serious suicide
attempt and mood disorders were compared with 31 patients with a history
of mood disorders but no personal history of suicidal acts, and with 37
healthy controls with no personal history of mood disorders or suicide
attempts. The explicit recognition of six facial emotions (anger,
disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, and neutral) was assessed. RESULTS:
Suicide attempters made significantly more errors in the explicit
recognition of disgust, relative to the other groups, with no
differences between the control groups or for the other emotions
examined. Semantic verbal fluency and verbal working memory performances
were also reduced in suicide attempters relative to the other two
groups but could not explain the facial recognition deficits.
LIMITATIONS: Our results need replication with a larger sample size.
Most patients were medicated. CONCLUSIONS: Explicit recognition of
disgust appears to be specifically altered in relation to vulnerability
to suicide but not to depression. Reduced ability to recognize some
social emotions may impair the patient's capacity to adequately interact
with his own social environment, potentially increasing the risk of
interpersonal conflict, negative emotions and suicidal crisis. Improving
cognitive and social skills may be a target for future individual
suicide prevention. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Liu W, Kuramoto SJ, Stuart EA. Prev. Sci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD, USA, liu-weiwei@norc.org. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11121-012-0339-5 |
| PMID | 23408282 |
| Abstract | Despite the fact that randomization is the gold standard for
estimating causal relationships, many questions in prevention science
are often left to be answered through nonexperimental studies because
randomization is either infeasible or unethical. While methods such as
propensity score matching can adjust for observed confounding,
unobserved confounding is the Achilles heel of most nonexperimental
studies. This paper describes and illustrates seven sensitivity analysis
techniques that assess the sensitivity of study results to an
unobserved confounder. These methods were categorized into two groups to
reflect differences in their conceptualization of sensitivity analysis,
as well as their targets of interest. As a motivating example, we
examine the sensitivity of the association between maternal suicide and
offspring's risk for suicide attempt hospitalization. While inferences
differed slightly depending on the type of sensitivity analysis
conducted, overall, the association between maternal suicide and
offspring's hospitalization for suicide attempt was found to be
relatively robust to an unobserved confounder. The ease of
implementation and the insight these analyses provide underscores
sensitivity analysis techniques as an important tool for nonexperimental
studies. The implementation of sensitivity analysis can help increase
confidence in results from nonexperimental studies and better inform
prevention researchers and policy makers regarding potential
intervention targets. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Batterham PJ, Christensen H, Calear AL. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1002/da.22066 |
| PMID | 23494924 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Relative to depression symptoms, the role of anxiety
symptoms in the development of depression and suicidal ideation has not
been well established. This study aimed to identify the anxiety and
depression symptoms that confer the greatest amount of risk for
depression and suicidal ideation at the population level. METHOD: The
PATH through Life study is an Australian community-based longitudinal
cohort study of 7,485 younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Adjusted
population attributable risk (PAR) for incident depression and suicidal
ideation after 4 years was assessed for 18 symptoms of anxiety and
depression. RESULTS: Anxiety symptoms contributed greater risk overall
to both depression (45%) and suicidal ideation (23%) incidence than
depression symptoms (35% and 16%, respectively). Anxiety symptoms had
largest PARs among younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention programs
for depression and suicide should aim to reduce anxiety symptoms in
addition to depression symptoms, and target individuals reporting
symptoms such as worrying or irritability. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Mackenzie DW. Crisis 2013; ePub(ePub): 1-4. |
| Affiliation | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, International Association for Suicide Prevention, Publisher Hogrefe Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1027/0227-5910/a000197 |
| PMID | 23502060 |
| Abstract | Background: Suicide clusters at Cornell University and the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) prompted popular and expert
speculation of suicide contagion. However, some clustering is to be
expected in any random process. Aim: This work tested whether suicide
clusters at these two universities differed significantly from those
expected under a homogeneous Poisson process, in which suicides occur
randomly and independently of one another. Method: Suicide dates were
collected for MIT and Cornell for 1990-2012. The Anderson-Darling
statistic was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the intervals between
suicides to distribution expected under the Poisson process. Results:
Suicides at MIT were consistent with the homogeneous Poisson process,
while those at Cornell showed clustering inconsistent with such a
process (p = .05). Conclusions: The Anderson-Darling test provides a
statistically powerful means to identify suicide clustering in small
samples. Practitioners can use this method to test for clustering in
relevant communities. The difference in clustering behavior between the
two institutions suggests that more institutions should be studied to
determine the prevalence of suicide clustering in universities and its
causes. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | McCarthy JF, Ilgen MA, Austin K, Blow FC, Katz IR. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Mental Health Operations (OMHO); VA OMHO Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center; VA Center for Clinical Management Research; University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry. John.McCarthy2@va.gov. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Wiley-Blackwell) |
| DOI | 10.1002/oby.20422 |
| PMID | 23512622 |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVES: We evaluate associations between Body Mass Index (BMI)
and suicide risks and methods for individuals receiving care in the
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health system. DESIGN AND METHODS:
For 4,005,640 patients in fiscal years 2001-2002, multivariable survival
analyses assessed associations between BMI and suicide, through FY2009.
Covariates included demographics, psychiatric and non-psychiatric
diagnoses, receipt of VHA mental health encounters, and regional
network. Among suicide decedents, multivariable Generalized Estimating
Equations regression examined associations between BMI and suicide
method. RESULTS: 1.3% of patients were underweight, 24.3% normal weight,
40.6% overweight, and 33.8% obese. Underweight was associated with
increased suicide risk (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.17, 95% CI: 1.01,
1.36) compared to normal. Overweight and obese status were associated
with lower risk (AHR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.82; AHR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.60,
0.66, respectively). Among suicide decedents, high lethality methods
were most common among underweight and least common among obese
individuals. Adjusting for covariates, BMI was not associated with
method lethality, yet some associations were observed between BMI and
specific methods. CONCLUSIONS: Among VHA patients, BMI was negatively
associated with suicide risks. These differences may partly relate to
choice of suicide method. Low BMI offers an additional resource for
clinical suicide risk assessments. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Taubner S, White LO, Zimmermann J, Fonagy P, Nolte T. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany, Svenja.taubner@uni-kassel.de. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10802-013-9736-x |
| PMID | 23512713 |
| Abstract | The lack of affective responsiveness to others' mental states - one
of the hallmarks of psychopathy - is thought to give rise to increased
interpersonal aggression. Recent models of psychopathy highlight
deficits in attachment security that may, in turn, impede the
development of relating to others in terms of mental states
(mentalization). Here, we aimed to assess whether mentalization linked
to attachment relationships may serve as a moderator for the
relationship between interpersonal aggression and psychopathic traits in
an adolescent community sample. Data from 104 males and females with a
mean age of 16.4 years were collected on mentalization capacities using
the Reflective Functioning Scale on the Adult Attachment Interview
(AAI). Psychopathic traits and aggressive behavior were measured via
self-report. Deficits in mentalization were significantly associated
with both psychopathic traits and proactive aggression. As predicted,
mentalization played a moderating role, such that individuals with
increased psychopathic tendencies did not display increased proactive
aggression when they had higher mentalizing capacities. Effects of
mentalization on reactive aggression were fully accounted for by its
shared variance with proactive aggression. Psychopathic traits alone
only partially explain aggression in adolescence. Mentalization may
serve as a protective factor to prevent the emergence of proactive
aggression in spite of psychopathic traits and may provide a crucial
target for intervention. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Katz IR, Kemp JE, Blow FC, McCarthy JF, Bossarte RM. Psychiatr. Serv. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Psychiatric Association) |
| DOI | 10.1176/appi.ps.201200253 |
| PMID | 23494171 |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE Between 2005 and 2009, the Veterans Health Administration
(VHA) enhanced its mental health programs and increased outpatient
mental health staffing by 52.8%. However, suicide rates among VHA
patients remained the same. This study evaluated this finding by
examining variability in staffing increases between VHA's 21 regional
networks (Veterans Integrated Service Networks) (VISNs) and associations
with suicide rates. METHODS Suicide rates among VHA patients were
derived from the National Death Index and VHA clinical and
administrative records for 2005 and 2009. Comparisons across VISNs used
measures of proportional change in mental health staffing (overall and
in inpatient, residential, intensive case management, and outpatient
programs) and comparable measures of mental health staffing per 1,000
mental health patients. RESULTS Significant correlations were found
between proportional changes from 2005 to 2009 in suicide rates and
outpatient mental health staffing (r=-.453, p=.039) and outpatient
mental health staffing per 1,000 patients (r=-.533, p=.013). The ten
VISNs above the median in proportional changes in mental health staffing
had average decreases in suicide rates of 12.6% while those below had
increases of 11.6% (p=.005). For proportional changes in mental health
staffing per 1,000 patients, those above the median had decreases of
11.2% and those below had increases of 13.8% (p=.014). For the average
VISN, it would have required a 27.5%-36.8% increase in outpatient staff
over 2005 levels to decrease suicide rates by 10%. CONCLUSIONS Mental
health enhancements in VHA were associated with decreases in suicide
rates in VISNs where the increases in mental health outpatient staffing
were greatest. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Agrawal A, Constantino AM, Bucholz KK, Glowinski A, Madden PA, Heath AC, Lynskey MT. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 2013; 74(3): 406-412. |
| Affiliation | Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc., Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) |
| DOI | unavailable |
| PMID | 23490569 |
| Abstract | Objective: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and suicidal ideation (SI)
co-occur, yet few studies have investigated the risk and protective
factors that infl uence their comorbidity. Method: Data from 3,787 twin
women ages 18'27 years were analyzed. AUD was defined as a lifetime
history of alcohol abuse or dependence as defined in the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. SI was coded as a
lifetime report of any SI, and all subjects were queried about SI.
Subjects were divided into those with neither AUD nor SI (AUD-SI-),
those with AUD but no SI (AUD+SI-), those with SI but no AUD (AUD-SI+),
and those with comorbid AUD and SI (AUD+SI+). Association with multiple
measures of psychopathology, negative life events, personality, and
family history was assessed using multinomial logistic regression.
Results: Women with AUD were at 3.1 (95% confidence interval [2.5, 3.8])
odds of also reporting a lifetime history of SI. Psychopathology and
negative life events were consistently high in the AUD+SI+ group.
AUD+SI+ women also were more likely to report drinking to cope.
Substance use was more common in the AUD+SI- versus the AUD-SI+ women,
whereas major depressive disorder, social phobia, and panic attacks were
more commonly reported by the AUD-SI+ versus the AUD+SI- women.
Conclusions: The comorbidity between AUD and SI is characterized in
young women by co-occurring psychopathology, drinking to cope, and
negative life events. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 406-412, 2013). Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Lathrop SL. J. Forensic Sci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC07 4040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Society for Testing and Materials, Publisher John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1111/1556-4029.12106 |
| PMID | 23488683 |
| Abstract | To better understand risk factors and populations at risk of
childhood fatalities, a review of all records of childhood deaths
(≤19 years) between 2000 and 2010 from New Mexico's statewide medical
examiner was conducted. Annually, 313-383 childhood deaths were
investigated (3820 total). Males and American Indians were
overrepresented (62% and 20.4% of deaths, respectively). The most common
manner of death was natural (44.8%), followed by accidental (31.4%),
homicide (8.8%), suicide (8.8%), and undetermined (4.1%). Infants under
1 year of age accounted for 41.4% of deaths. Motor vehicle crashes were
responsible for the majority of accidental deaths (69%), followed by
unintentional overdoses (6.9%), and drowning (5.3%). Gunshot wounds,
either intentional or unintentional, caused 10.7% of childhood deaths.
Complete medico-legal investigation of childhood fatalities is needed to
provide public health agencies with adequate data to evaluate and
prevent childhood deaths. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Au TM, Dickstein BD, Comer JS, Salters-Pedneault K, Litz BT. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Psychology, Boston University, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: tau@bu.edu. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.026 |
| PMID | 23489401 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
depression frequently co-occur, but their distinctiveness following
trauma remains unclear. We examined patterns of PTSD and depression
symptoms after sexual assault to evaluate the extent to which assault
survivors primarily reported symptoms of both disorders or whether there
were meaningfully distinct subgroups with discordant PTSD and
depression symptoms. METHODS: Latent profile analysis was used to
examine self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms among 119 female
sexual assault survivors at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-months post-assault.
RESULTS: At all time points, a 4-class solution fit the data best,
revealing four subgroups with low, low-moderate, high-moderate, and
severe levels of both PTSD and depression symptoms. Within each
subgroup, PTSD symptom severity co-occurred with comparable depression
symptom severity. At no time point were there reliable subgroups with
discordant PTSD and depression symptom severities. Emotional numbing,
hyperarousal, and overall PTSD symptom severity reliably distinguished
each class from the others. Class membership at 1-month post-assault
predicted subsequent class membership and functional impairment.
LIMITATIONS: Additional research is needed to evaluate predictors of
class membership, temporal stability of classes, and generalizability to
other trauma populations. CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring and comparably
severe PTSD and depression symptoms are pervasive among female sexual
assault survivors. The absence of a distinct subset of individuals with
only PTSD or depression symptoms suggests that PTSD and depression may
be manifestations of a general posttraumatic stress response rather than
distinct disorders after trauma. Integrated treatments targeting both
PTSD and depression symptoms may therefore prove more efficient and
effective. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Rohan KJ, Evans M, Mahon JN, Sitnikov L, Ho SY, Nillni YI, Postolache TT, Vacek PM. Trials 2013; 14(1): 82. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, BioMed Central) |
| DOI | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-82 |
| PMID | 23514124 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of
recurrent depression involving major depressive episodes during the fall
and/or winter months that remit in the spring. The central public
health challenge in the management of SAD is prevention of winter
depression recurrence. Light therapy (LT) is the established and best
available acute SAD treatment. However, long-term compliance with daily
LT from first symptom through spontaneous springtime remission every
fall/winter season is poor. Time-limited alternative treatments with
effects that endure beyond the cessation of acute treatment are needed
to prevent the annual recurrence of SAD.Methods/design: This is an
NIMH-funded R01-level randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a
novel, SAD-tailored cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBT) against LT
in a head-to-head comparison on next winter outcomes. This project is
designed to test for a clinically meaningful difference between CBT and
LT on depression recurrence in the next winter (the primary outcome).
This is a concurrent two-arm study that will randomize 160 currently
symptomatic community adults with major depression, recurrent with
seasonal pattern, to CBT or LT. After 6 weeks of treatment in the
initial winter, participants are followed in the subsequent summer, the
next winter, and two winters later. Key methodological issues surround
timing study procedures for a predictably recurrent and time-limited
disorder with a focus on long-term outcomes. DISCUSSION: The chosen
design answers the primary question of whether prior exposure to CBT is
associated with a substantially lower likelihood of depression
recurrence the next winter than LT. This design does not test the
relative contributions of the cognitive-behavioral treatment components
vs. nonspecific factors to CBT's outcomes and is not adequately powered
to test for differences or equivalence between cells at treatment
endpoint. Alternative designs addressing these limitations would have
required more patients, increased costs, and reduced power to detect a
difference in the primary outcome.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov
identifier (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01714050). Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Dogan S, Regeer EJ, Mol EM, Braam AW. Tijdschr. Psychiatr. 2013; 55(3): 209-213. |
| Vernacular Title | Gedwongen opname na Medea-dreigement bij gesimuleerde psychose. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Uitgeverij de Tijdstroom) |
| DOI | unavailable |
| PMID | 23512634 |
| Abstract | A 30-year-old woman who simulated a psychosis and threatened to
commit infanticide and suicide was forcibly admitted to an acute
psychiatric unit under the Mental Health Act. She was discharged an hour
later after confessing that she had feigned illness. In this article we
discuss the subject of feigned illness (malingering) and its clinical
aspects in the acute psychiatric setting. Early recognition of
malingering can prevent unnecessary admissions and iatrogenic damage. Language: Dut |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Bagge CL, Littlefield AK, Lee HJ. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jackson, MS 39216, United States. Electronic address: cbagge@umc.edu. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.004 |
| PMID | 23507371 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Different conceptualizations of an impulsive suicide
attempt (ISA) have not been studied systematically and there is no
standard assessment of an ISA. This lack of clarity hinders the
advancement of suicidological research and knowledge. The aim of the
current study was to examine clinical correlates of different facets of
an ISA (reduced proximal contemplation, planning, and decision to act)
across divergent methodologies. METHODS: Participants included 212
recent suicide attempters presenting to a Level 1 trauma hospital. The
Suicide Intent Scale and the Timeline Follow-Back Interview for suicide
attempts were used to assess different facets of an ISA and their
associations with other attempt characteristics, and proximal and distal
clinical correlates. RESULTS: A large percentage of patients had an ISA
using facets of varying severity (ranging from 42% [contemplation] to
85% [decision]). Multivariate analyses revealed unique associations
between a particular ISA facet and the following: hopelessness and
depressive symptoms (contemplation), subjective expectation of fatality
(planning), and acute negative life events (decision). LIMITATIONS:
Validated self-report screening measures were used to assess current
psychopathology and future studies should include structured interviews
to assess diagnostic features. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a
fine-grained approach is needed for furthering our understanding of the
ISA construct. In light of the current findings, ISA should be seriously
considered given clinicians' task of determining whether a particular
patient is at imminent risk for suicide. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Bonanno RA, Hymel S. J. Youth Adolesc. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Human Development and Learning, Dowling College, School of Education, 150 Idle Hour Blvd., Oakdale, NY, 11769, USA, Bonannor@dowling.edu. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10964-013-9937-1 |
| PMID | 23512485 |
| Abstract | Although recent research has demonstrated significant links between
involvement in cyber bullying and various internalizing difficulties,
there exists debate as to whether these links are independent of
involvement in more traditional forms of bullying. The present study
systematically examined the association between involvement in cyber
bullying, as either a victim or a bully, and both depressive
symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Self-report data were collected
from 399 (57 % female) Canadian adolescents in grades 8-10 (mean
age = 14.2 years, SD = .91 years). Results indicated that involvement in
cyber bullying, as either a victim or a bully, uniquely contributed to
the prediction of both depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation,
over and above the contribution of involvement in traditional forms of
bullying (physical, verbal, relational). Given the ever increasing rate
of accessibility to technology in both schools and homes, these finding
underscore the importance of addressing cyber bullying, with respect to
both research and intervention, as a unique phenomenon with equally
unique challenges for students, parents, school administrators and
researchers alike. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Minelli N, Marchetti D. J. Forensic Sci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Institute of Forensic Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Society for Testing and Materials, Publisher John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1111/1556-4029.12114 |
| PMID | 23488733 |
| Abstract | The death certificate is mandated by civil law and serves as a
medical-scientific document useful for biostatistics and epidemiological
research. For a variety of reasons, death certificates can be
misclassified. We reviewed data from self-inflicted deaths collected
over an 8-year period by the Forensic Institute of the University Sacro
Cuore of Rome (Italy). Four hundred and thirty-five of 2904 were
classified as self-inflicted deaths (15%). The comparison with death
certificates processed by the local public health authority (ASL) and by
the Italian National Census Bureau (Istat) and with the judicial
investigation results available in the Italian Penal Court archive shows
some discrepancies. One-hundred and twenty-four of 435 deaths were not
considered to be self-inflicted but due to a crime (29% overrecording
suicide) with a higher reduction for women, suggesting that it is easier
to confuse a murder for suicide in female cases. Any discrepancies
between the mortality and crime data are discussed in details. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Fowler KA, Crosby AE, Parks SE, Ivey AZ, Silverman PR. Del. Med. J. 2013; 85(1): 15-19. |
| Affiliation | Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Medical Society of Delaware) |
| DOI | unavailable |
| PMID | 23513329 |
| Abstract | In the first quarter of 2012, eight youth (aged 13-21 years) were
known to have died by suicide in Kent and Sussex counties, Delaware,
twice the typical median yearly number. State and local officials
invited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assist with an
epidemiological investigation of fatal and nonfatal youth suicidal
behaviors in the first quarter of 2012, to examine risk factors, and to
recommend prevention strategies. METHODS: Data were obtained from the
Delaware Office of the Medical Examiner, law enforcement, emergency
departments, and inpatient records. Key informants from youth-serving
organizations in the community were interviewed to better understand
local context and perceptions of youth suicide. RESULTS: Eleven fatal
and 116 nonfatal suicide attempts were identified for the first quarter
of 2012 in Kent and Sussex counties. The median age was higher for the
fatalities (18 years) than the nonfatal attempts (16 years). More males
died by suicide, and more females nonfatally attempted suicide. Fatal
methods were either hanging or firearm, while nonfatal methods were
diverse, led by overdose/poisoning and cutting. All decedents had two or
more precipitating circumstances. Seventeen of 116 nonfatal cases
reported that a peer/friend recently died by or attempted suicide. Local
barriers to youth services and suicide prevention were identified.
DISCUSSION: Several features were similar to previous clusters:
Occurrence among vulnerable youth, rural or suburban setting, and
precipitating negative life events. Distribution by sex and method were
consistent with national trends for both fatalities and nonfatalities.
References to the decedents in the context of nonfatal attempts support
the concept of 'point clusters' (social contiguity to other suicidal
youth as a risk factor for vulnerable youth) as a framework for
understanding clustering of youth suicidal behavior. Recommended
prevention strategies included: Training to identify at-risk youth and
guide them to services; development of youth programs; monitoring trends
in youth suicidal behaviors; reviewing evidence-based suicide
prevention strategies; and continued implementation of CDC media
guidelines for reporting on suicide. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Fowler JC, Allen JG, Oldham JM, Frueh BC. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | The Menninger 12301 Main Street, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: cfowler@menninger.edu. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.045 |
| PMID | 23507367 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Exposure to traumatic events is a nonspecific risk
factor for psychiatric symptoms including depression. The
trauma-depression link finds support in numerous studies; however,
explanatory mechanisms linking past trauma to current depressive
symptoms are poorly understood. This study examines the role that
attachment insecurity plays in mediating the relationship between prior
exposure to trauma and current expression of depression severity.
METHODS: Past trauma and attachment anxiety and avoidance were assessed
at baseline in a large cohort (N=705) of adults admitted to a
specialized adult psychiatric hospital with typical lengths of stay
ranging from 6 to 8 weeks. Depression severity was assessed at day 14 of
treatment using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. RESULTS:
Interpersonal trauma (e.g., assaults, abuse) was correlated with
depression severity, whereas exposure to impersonal trauma (e.g.,
natural disasters, accidents) was not. Adult attachment partially
mediated the relationship between past interpersonal trauma and
depression severity at day 14 among psychiatric inpatients. LIMITATIONS:
Measure of trauma exposure did not systematically differentiate the age
of exposure or relationship to the perpetrator. Individuals scoring
high on the self-report attachment measure may be prone to over-report
interpersonal traumas. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of depression in
traumatized patients should include an assessment of attachment
insecurity and may be fruitful target for intervention. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Caine ED. Am. J. Public Health 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Eric D. Caine is with the Injury Control Research Center for Suicide Prevention and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, and the VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua, NY. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Public Health Association) |
| DOI | 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301078 |
| PMID | 23488515 |
| Abstract | Suicide prevention must be transformed by integrating injury
prevention and mental health perspectives to develop a mosaic of common
risk public health interventions that address the diversity of
populations and individuals whose mortality and morbidity contribute to
the burdens of suicide and attempted suicide. Emphasizing distal
preventive interventions, strategies must focus on people and places-and
on related interpersonal factors and social contexts-to alter the life
trajectories of people before they become suicidal. Attention also must
be paid to those in the middle years-the age with the greatest overall
burden. We need scientific and social processes that define priorities
and assess their potential for reducing what has been a steadily
increasing rate of suicide during the past decade. (Am J Public Health.
Published online ahead of print March 14, 2013: e1-e8.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301078). Language: Eng |
Journal Article
| Citation | Liu X, Lu D, Zhou L, Su L. Indian Pediatr. 2012; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, China Correspondence to: Dr Linyan Su, Department of Child psychiatry Mental Health Institute, Central South University, 139#, Renmin Road, Changsha Hunan, 410011, China. liuxiaoqun1975@hotmail.com. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2012, Indian Pediatrics) |
| DOI | unavailable |
| PMID | 23502659 |
| Abstract | The present study examined the relationships between victimization,
suicidal ideation and forgiveness. 962 Chinese middle school students
were evaluated using the Chinese versions of the Olweus Bully/Victim
Questionnaire (OBVQ), the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation scale
(PANSI) and the Forgiveness Questionnaire (FQ). High victimization and
low forgiveness were found to predict increased suicidal ideation.
Victimized students with high level of forgiveness reported less
suicidal ideation than students with low level of forgiveness.
Forgiveness was found to moderate the association between victimization
and suicidal ideation and could be a protective factor against suicidal
ideation in victimized students. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Smith JA, Frueh BC. J. Anxiety Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of History, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA. Electronic address: smith808@hawaii.edu. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.002 |
| PMID | 23489966 |
| Abstract | In their thoughtful commentary McCutcheon et al. (in this issue)
remind us that caution is warranted in interpreting military suicide
data, in part due to the possible political, leadership, and morale
pressures to disguise suicides that may have existed during the U.S.
Civil War. While we agree generally, we offer further considerations on
suicides among Union forces during the war. We discuss the integrity of
the data source, the ratio of homicides to suicides, contemporaneous
journalistic accounts regarding cultural acceptance of suicide, seasonal
variations in suicides, and Dyer's Compendium. All of these points
suggest support for our initial argument that suicide rates during the
U.S. Civil War were much lower than modern U.S. military suicide rates.
We agree with McCutcheon et al. that geography and history remind us
there is good reasons to be optimistic that the psychological
consequences of war are not inevitably devastating to all those who
serve. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Labonté B, Suderman M, Maussion G, Lopez JP, Navarro-Sánchez L, Yerko V, Mechawar N, Szyf M, Meaney MJ, Turecki G. Am. J. Psychiatry 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Psychiatric Association) |
| DOI | 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12050627 |
| PMID | 23511308 |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE Gene expression changes have been reported in the brains
of suicide completers. More recently, differences in promoter DNA
methylation between suicide completers and comparison subjects in
specific genes have been associated with these changes in gene
expression patterns, implicating DNA methylation alterations as a
plausible component of the pathophysiology of suicide. The authors used a
genome-wide approach to investigate the extent of DNA methylation
alterations in the brains of suicide completers. METHOD Promoter DNA
methylation was profiled using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation
(MeDIP) followed by microarray hybridization in hippocampal tissue from
62 men (46 suicide completers and 16 comparison subjects). The
correlation between promoter methylation and expression was investigated
by comparing the MeDIP data with gene expression profiles generated
through mRNA microarray. Methylation differences between groups were
validated on neuronal and nonneuronal DNA fractions isolated by
fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. RESULTS The authors identified 366
promoters that were differentially methylated in suicide completers
relative to comparison subjects (273 hypermethylated and 93
hypomethylated). Overall, promoter methylation differences were
inversely correlated with gene expression differences. Functional
annotation analyses revealed an enrichment of differential methylation
in the promoters of genes involved, among other functions, in cognitive
processes. Validation was performed on the top genes from this category,
and these differences were found to occur mainly in the neuronal cell
fraction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest broad reprogramming of
promoter DNA methylation patterns in the hippocampus of suicide
completers. This may help explain gene expression alterations associated
with suicide and possibly behavioral changes increasing suicide risk. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Kim SW, Kang HJ, Kim SY, Kim JM, Yoon JS, Jung SW, Lee MS, Yim HW, Jun TY. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1002/da.22088 |
| PMID | 23495050 |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: The impact of childhood adversity persists across the
life course. This study aimed to investigate the associations of
childhood adversity with the course, suicidality, and treatment outcomes
of depressive disorders. METHOD: A total of 919 people with depressive
disorders were recruited. Childhood adversities (≤12 years old) were
ascertained using a checklist, in sexual abuse, physical abuse by
parents, and separation of parents. Various assessment scales were
administered at baseline and over 12 weeks of antidepressants treatment.
RESULTS: All three forms of childhood adversity were associated with an
increased likelihood of experiencing more current stressful events.
Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating
Scale were significantly higher in participants with a history of sexual
abuse. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were significantly higher, and
scores on the WHO Quality of life instrument were significantly lower in
participants with a history of physical abuse by parents. They were
more likely to receive augmentation and combination treatment after the
initial antidepressant treatment, whereas overall response rates to
treatment did not differ. Scores on the Beck Scale for suicide ideation
were significantly higher after treatment and/or at baseline in patients
with sexual or physical abuse. Physical illness was more prevalent in
individuals with physical abuse by parents or separation of parents.
CONCLUSIONS: Depressive patients with a history of childhood adversities
had more severe and chronic forms of depression with high suicidality.
More intensive treatment with particular clinical attention is indicated
for this special population. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Peñas-Lledó EM, Naranjo ME, Llerena A. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University Hospital Medical School and CIBERSAM, Badajoz, Spain, eplledo@gmail.com. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00406-013-0402-7 |
| PMID | 23504002 |
| Abstract | [Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Tichelli A, Labopin M, Rovó A, Badoglio M, Arat M, van Lint MT, Lawitschka A, Schwarze CP, Passweg J, Socié G. Cancer 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. tichelli@datacomm.ch. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Cancer Society, Publisher John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1002/cncr.27987 |
| PMID | 23512286 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Relapse and transplant-related complications are
leading causes of mortality after hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT). Suicides and accidents have not been studied in
these patients. This study sought to determine whether there is an
excess of suicide and accidental deaths after HSCT, and to determine
risk factors. METHODS: The incidence of suicidal and accidental death in
patients after undergoing HSCT, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and
absolute excess risk (AER) of suicide and accidental deaths was
determined, compared with the general European population. A
case-control analysis was done to define factors associated with suicide
and accidental deaths. Data were derived from the European Group for
Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry, including 294,922 patients
who underwent autologous or allogeneic HSCT from 1980 to 2009. RESULTS:
The 10-year cumulative incidence of suicide and accidental deaths was
101.8 and 55.6 per 100,000 patients, respectively. SMR and AER of
suicide after HSCT were 2.12 (P < .001) and 10.91, higher than in the
European general population for 100,000 deaths, respectively. SMR and
AER of accidental death were 1.23 (P < .05) and 2.54, respectively.
In the case-control study, relapses were more frequent among patients
who committed suicide after autologous HSCT (37% versus 18%; P <
.0001). Chronic graft-versus-host disease was higher among patients who
committed suicide after allogeneic HSCT (64% versus 37%; P = .001).
CONCLUSIONS: There is an excess of deaths due to suicide and accidents
in patients after undergoing HSCT as compared with the European general
population. Relapse was associated with more suicide and accidental
deaths after autologous HSCT, and chronic graft-versus-host disease was
associated with more deaths by suicide after allogeneic HSCT. Cancer
2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Jarrett M, Siddiqui S, Lochman J, Qu L. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Psychology , University of Alabama. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group) |
| DOI | 10.1080/15374416.2013.764823 |
| PMID | 23402743 |
| Abstract | Intervention and prevention programs for children with
externalizing problems frequently involve children with co-occurring
internalizing problems. Little is known about how these co-occurring
internalizing problems predict outcomes, particularly for programs
involving cognitive-behavioral strategies. The current study examined
how a set of child-related risk factors (including anxiety and
depressive symptoms) predicted change in parent- and teacher-reported
externalizing problems following a school-based preventative
intervention for children at risk for externalizing problems.
Participants included 112 preadolescent children (ages 9-12) who
participated in a study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the Coping
Power Program (Lochman & Wells, 2004 ). Participants included 81
boys (68%) who were primarily African American (69%) or Caucasian (30%).
Regression analyses were conducted to examine predictors of change in
parent- and teacher-reported externalizing problems on the Behavior
Assessment System for Children (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992 ). Results
indicated that greater child depression symptoms (as reported by parent
or teacher) were associated with a larger reduction in externalizing
behavior problems based on parent or teacher report. This effect was
found in both the parent and teacher models and held after controlling
for a number of child-oriented baseline variables including baseline
aggression. Future research studies should examine whether co-occurring
symptoms of depression relate to enhanced changes in externalizing
problems following intervention for externalizing problems, particularly
when cognitive-behavioral interventions are utilized. In addition, it
will be important for studies to examine such effects relative to a
control group and/or alternative treatment conditions and to further
explore possible mechanisms of change. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Cox GR, Owens C, Robinson J, Nicholas A, Lockley A, Williamson M, Cheung YT, Pirkis J. BMC Public Health 2013; 13(1): 214. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, BioMed Central) |
| DOI | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-214 |
| PMID | 23496989 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: 'Suicide hotspots' include tall structures (for
example, bridges and cliffs), railway tracks, and isolated locations
(for example, rural car parks) which offer direct means for suicide or
seclusion that prevents intervention. METHODS: We searched Medline for
studies that could inform the following question: 'What interventions
are available to reduce suicides at hotspots, and are they effective?'
RESULTS: There are four main approaches: (a) restricting access to means
(through installation of physical barriers); (b) encouraging
help-seeking (by placement of signs and telephones); (c) increasing the
likelihood of intervention by a third party (through surveillance and
staff training); and (d) encouraging responsible media reporting of
suicide (through guidelines for journalists). There is relatively strong
evidence that reducing access to means can avert suicides at hotspots
without substitution effects. The evidence is weaker for the other
approaches, although they show promise. CONCLUSIONS: More well-designed
intervention studies are needed to strengthen this evidence base. Language: Eng |
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Journal Article
| Citation | Betz ME, Miller M, Barber C, Miller I, Sullivan AF, Camargo CA, Boudreaux ED. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1002/da.22075 |
| PMID | 23495002 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the beliefs and behaviors of
emergency department (ED) providers related to preventing suicide by
reducing suicidal patients' access to lethal methods (means restriction)
and identify characteristics associated with asking patients about
firearm access. METHODS: Physicians and nurses at eight EDs completed a
confidential, voluntary survey. RESULTS: The response rate was 79% (n =
631); 57% of respondents were females and 49% were nurses. Less than
half believed, "most" or "all" suicides are preventable. More nurses
(67%) than physicians (44%) thought "most" or "all" firearm suicide
decedents would have died by another method had a firearm been
unavailable (P < .001). The proportion of providers who reported they
"almost always" ask suicidal patients about firearm access varied
across five patient scenarios: suicidal with firearm suicide plan (64%),
suicidal with no suicide plan (22%), suicidal with nonfirearm plan
(21%), suicidal in past month but not today (16%), and overdosed but no
longer suicidal (9%). In multivariable logistic regression, physicians
were more likely than nurses to "almost always" or "often" ask about a
firearm across all five scenarios, as were older providers and those who
believed their own provider type was responsible for assessing firearm
access. CONCLUSIONS: Many ED providers are skeptical about the
preventability of suicide and the effectiveness of means restriction,
and most do not assess suicidal patients' firearm access except when a
patient has a firearm suicide plan. These findings suggest the need for
targeted staff education concerning means restriction for suicide
prevention. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Wasserscheid K, Backendorf A, Michna D, Mallmann R, Hoffmann B. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 2013; 29(1): 89-92. |
| Affiliation | From the *Department of Pediatrics, Elisabeth-Hospital Essen; †Department of Neonatology, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt; and ‡DRK Children's Hospital Siegen, Germany. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins) |
| DOI | 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31827b5747 |
| PMID | 23283275 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Colchicine is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the
treatment of gout, familial Mediterranean fever, and Behçet disease.
However, because of its potent inhibition of mitosis, adverse effects
and symptoms of intoxication are frequent. Clinical manifestations of
colchicine intoxication include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and
multiorgan failure including cardiovascular collapse with fatal outcome.
OBJECTIVE: We report here the case of a 14-year-old girl who ingested
12.5 mg (0.23 mg/kg body weight) colchicine in a suicide attempt. CASE
REPORT: Major complaints of this fully conscious patient at the time of
presentation ∼2 hours after ingestion of colchicine were nausea and
impaired vision. Apart from a colchicine serum concentration of 16.2
ng/mL, no abnormalities were seen in the physical examination and blood
tests. Gastrointestinal decontamination by activated charcoal, repeated
administrations of sodium sulfate (Glauber salt) and substitution of
volume and electrolytes led to complete recovery. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Lin KH, Shiao JS, Guo NW, Liao SC, Kuo CY, Hu PY, Hsu JH, Hwang YH, Guo YL. J. Occup. Rehabil. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10926-013-9431-3 |
| PMID | 23504486 |
| Abstract | Introduction This study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of
both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression at
12 months in workers experiencing different types of occupational injury
in Taiwan. Demographic and injury-related risk factors for
psychological symptoms were also evaluated. Methods Our study candidates
were injured workers in Taiwan who were hospitalized for 3 days or
longer and received hospitalization benefits from the Labor Insurance
program. A two-staged survey study was conducted. A self-reported
questionnaire including the Brief Symptom Rating Scale and
Post-traumatic Symptom Checklist was sent to workers at 12 months after
injury. Those who met the criteria were recruited for the second-stage
phone interview with a psychiatrist using the Mini-international
Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results A total of 1,233 workers
completed the questionnaire (response rate 28.0 %). Among them, 167
(13.5 %) fulfilled the criteria for the MINI interview and were invited.
A total of 106 (63.5 %) completed the phone interview. The estimated
rate of either PTSD/PPTSD or major depression was 5.2 %. The risk
factors for psychological symptoms were female gender, lower education
level, loss of consciousness after occupational injury, injury affecting
physical appearance, occupational injury experience before this event,
life experience before and after this injury, length of hospital stay,
self-rated injury severity, and percentage of income to the family.
Conclusions These results showed that occupational injury can cause
long-term psychological impact in workers. Key demographic and injury
characteristics may enhance the identification of at-risk occupational
injured workers who would benefit from targeted screening and early
intervention efforts. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | De Silva S, Parker A, Purcell R, Callahan P, Liu P, Hetrick S. Crisis 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and headspace Centre of Excellence, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, International Association for Suicide Prevention, Publisher Hogrefe Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1027/0227-5910/a000190 |
| PMID | 23502058 |
| Abstract | Background: Suicide and self-harm (SSH) in young people is a major
cause of disability-adjusted life years. Effective interventions are of
critical importance to reducing the mortality and morbidity associated
with SSH. Aims: To investigate the extent and nature of research on
interventions to prevent and treat SSH in young people using evidence
mapping. Method: A systematic search for SSH intervention studies was
conducted (participant mean age between 6-25 years). The studies were
restricted to high-quality evidence in the form of systematic reviews,
meta-analyses, and controlled trials. Results: Thirty-eight controlled
studies and six systematic reviews met the study inclusion criteria. The
majority (n = 32) involved psychological interventions. Few studies (n =
9) involved treating young people with recognized mental disorders or
substance abuse (n = 1) which also addressed SSH. Conclusion: The map
was restricted to RCTs, CCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and
thus might have neglected important information from other study
designs. The effectiveness of interventions within the trials was not
evaluated. The evidence base for SSH interventions in young people is
not well established, which hampers best-practice efforts in this area.
Promising interventions that need further research include school-based
prevention programs with a skills training component, individual CBT
interventions, interpersonal psychotherapy, and attachment-based family
therapy. Gaps in the research exist in evaluations of interventions for
SSH in young people with identifiable psychopathology, particularly
substance use disorder, and research that classifies participants on the
basis of their suicidal intent. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | van Dijk TK, Dijkshoorn H, van Dijk A, Cremer S, Agyemang C. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Epidemiology, Documentation, and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), P. O. Box 2200, 1000 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, tvdijk@ggd.amsterdam.nl. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00127-013-0678-y |
| PMID | 23508370 |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: Ethnic inequalities in health in Western societies are
well-documented but poorly understood. We examined associations between
health locus of control (HLC) and depressive symptoms among native and
non-native Dutch people in the Netherlands. METHODS: We used
hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses on a representative
sample of the multi-ethnic population of Amsterdam and The Hague
(n = 10,302). HLC was measured with the multidimensional health locus of
control scale. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Kessler
Psychological Distress scale. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that
HLC contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of depressive
symptoms. Respondents who scored high on external locus of control
(PHLC) were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with a
low score on PHLC (β = 0.133, p < 0.001). Conversely, respondents
scoring high on internal locus of control (IHLC) were less likely to
have depressive symptoms compared to those scoring low on IHLC
(β = -0.134, p < 0.001). The associations were most pronounced among
Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch respondents. CONCLUSION: Our findings
suggest that HLC contributes to ethnic inequalities in depressive
symptoms, especially among Turkish and Moroccan ethnic groups.
Professionals (e.g. clinicians and policy makers) need to take HLC into
account when assessing and treating depression among ethnic minority
groups, particularly in Turkish and Moroccan populations. Future
research should look further into the associations within these groups. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Whitlock J, Muehlenkamp J, Eckenrode J, Purington A, Baral Abrams G, Barreira P, Kress V. J. Adolesc. Health 2012; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Electronic address: jlw43@cornell.edu. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Publishing) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.010 |
| PMID | 23298982 |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: To investigate the extent to which nonsuicidal self-injury
(NSSI) contributes to later suicide thoughts and behaviors (STB)
independent of shared risk factors. METHODS: One thousand four hundred
and sixty-six students at five U.S. colleges participated in a
longitudinal study of the relationship between NSSI and suicide. NSSI,
suicide history, and common risk/protective factors were assessed
annually for three years. Analyses tested the hypotheses that the
practice of NSSI prior to STB and suicide behavior (excluding ideation)
reduced inhibition to later STB independent of shared risk factors.
Analyses also examined factors that predicted subsequent STB among
individuals with NSSI history. RESULTS: History of NSSI did
significantly predict concurrent or later STB (AOR 2.8, 95%, CI 1.9-4.1)
independent of covariates common to both. Among those with prior or
concurrent NSSI, risk of STB is predicted by > 20 lifetime NSSI
incidents (AOR 3.8, 95% CI, 1.4-10.3) and history of mental health
treatment (AOR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.9-4.6). Risk of moving from NSSI to STB is
decreased by presence of meaning in life (AOR .6, 95% CI, .5-.7) and
reporting parents as confidants (AOR, .3, 95% CI, .1-.9). CONCLUSIONS:
NSSI prior to suicide behavior serves as a "gateway" behavior for
suicide and may reduce inhibition through habituation to self-injury.
Treatments focusing on enhancing perceived meaning in life and building
positive relationships with others, particularly parents, may be
particularly effective in reducing suicide risk among youth with a
history of NSSI. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Sood S, Howell J, Sundararajan V, Angus P, Gow P. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1111/jgh.12196 |
| PMID | 23489151 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Paracetamol is the most frequently used
analgesic in Australia and can be purchased without a prescription. We
aimed to investigate the epidemiology and outcome of paracetamol
overdoses occurring in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: The Victorian
admitted episode dataset was examined for all patients who had a
diagnosis of paracetamol poisoning (ICD-10-AM: T39.1) or paracetamol
adverse effect in therapeutic use (Y45.5) from 1(st) July 2000 - 30(th)
June 2007. Data extracted included all ICD-10 codes related to their
admissions, gender, age-range, date of admission and cause of death (if
applicable). RESULTS: Over 7 years there was a total of 14,662 hospital
admissions for paracetamol overdose with a mean of 2,095 cases per year.
Accidental overdoses comprised 15% (n=2,149) of cases. The overdose
rate fell from 46 cases per 100,000 in 2001 to 39 cases per 100,000 in
2006 (p<0.001). Most overdoses occurred in women (71%) and patients
between 15 and 50 years old comprised 78% of all cases. Complications
and mortality were relatively uncommon, with only 26 deaths directly
attributable to paracetamol overdose over the 7 years. No child under 15
years old died from their overdose. CONCLUSION: Admission to Victorian
hospitals with paracetamol overdose presents an enormous and in many
cases preventable health care burden. Fortunately there has been a
gradual fall in admissions and most cases appear relatively benign.
Further reductions in overdose could be achieved with increased
awareness by physicians and the general public regarding the potential
for accidental overdose, and increasing funding for mental health
initiatives. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Iacoviello BM, Alloy LB, Abramson LY, Choi JY, Morgan JE. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
| Affiliation | Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons) |
| DOI | 10.1002/da.22085 |
| PMID | 23495016 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Hopelessness depression (HD) is a subtype of depression
postulated by the Hopelessness Theory of Depression to present as a
constellation of symptoms occurring when an individual with a specific
cognitive vulnerability (negative inferential style) experiences
negative life events. In the current study, the course of HD episodes
was evaluated prospectively and analyzed to explore patterns of symptom
onset and remission. METHODS: In 169 HD episodes reported by 65
participants, survival analyses were conducted on the time to onset or
remission for 29 individual symptoms. Survival analyses yielded
probability density graphs for risk of onset and risk of offset that
indicated whether the symptom tended to appear or remit early, late, or
unpredictably during the episode. RESULTS: The symptom of hopelessness
often appeared earliest in HD episodes, followed by self-blame,
brooding/worry, decreased self-esteem, dependency, and decreased
appetite. Hopelessness, decreased self-esteem, self-blame,
brooding/worry, dependency, and increased appetite were typically the
latest symptoms to remit. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provided
evidence for patterns of symptom onset and remission in HD episodes.
Hopelessness and other symptoms predicted to appear according to the
Hopelessness Theory were generally the earliest to appear, latest to
remit, and appeared to form the core syndrome of these HD episodes.
Identifying patterns of symptom onset and remission may provide a tool
for subtyping depression episodes. Clinically, these results point to
the utility of attending to patterns of symptom onset and remission in
patients presenting with HD episodes, particularly for treatment
planning and monitoring. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Kushner SJ. Del. Med. J. 2013; 85(1): 9-11. |
| Affiliation | Department of Family and Community Health, Christiana Care Health System, USA. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Medical Society of Delaware) |
| DOI | unavailable |
| PMID | 23513328 |
| Abstract | [Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng |
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| Citation | James LM, Van Kampen E, Miller RD, Engdahl BE. Mil. Med. 2013; 178(2): 159-165. |
| Affiliation | Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, Association of Military Surgeons of the United States) |
| DOI | unavailable |
| PMID | 23495461 |
| Abstract | Military personnel returning from the conflicts in Iraq and
Afghanistan commonly experience mental health problems and efforts are
underway to determine risk and protective factors associated with
postdeployment mental health concerns. This study examined the
contribution of trait neuroticism, predeployment life events, combat
experience, perceptions of threat, and postdeployment social support on
mental health symptoms at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months
postdeployment. Two hundred seventy-one veterans completed self-report
measures. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that neuroticism
predicted post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms at all 3 time
points; perceived threat predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms at
time 1 and time 2 and depressive symptoms at time 2. Social support was a
strong negative predictor of post-traumatic stress and depressive
symptoms. Alcohol misuse was not significantly predicted by any of the
variables. The present study highlights the role of perceived threat and
trait neuroticism on postdeployment mental health symptoms and
indicates social support is a robust protective factor. Efforts aimed at
increasing sustained postdeployment social support may help defend
against significant mental health problems among veterans. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Wieshmann UC, Baker GA. BMJ Open 2013; 3(3): ePub. |
| Affiliation | The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK. |
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, BMJ Publishing Group) |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002564 |
| PMID | 23516271 |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the frequency of self-reported anger and
depression in levetiracetam (LEV). DESIGN: We compared patients with
epilepsy (PWE) taking LEV with PWE taking other antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs). SETTING: All PWE and controls submitted information to the UK
AED register. PARTICIPANTS: We analysed the data of 418 PWE and 41
control participants. 158 participants took LEV in monotherapy or as
part of polypharmacotherapy, 260 PWE took other AED. PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All PWE and controls completed the Liverpool
Adverse Event Profile (LAEP) which includes items on anger and
depression quantified on a four-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating
that there was never a problem; 2, rarely a problem; 3, sometimes a
problem and 4, always or often a problem. RESULTS: 49% of PWE on LEV and
39% on AED other than LEV reported anger as sometimes or always being a
problem (p=0.042). 48% of PWE on LEV and 45% on AED other than LEV
reported depression as sometimes or always being a problem (p=0.584). 7%
of control participants reported anger as sometimes being a problem and
93% reported anger as never or rarely being a problem. Depression was
never a problem in 75% of controls and rarely a problem in 25%.
CONCLUSIONS: Anger and depression were more frequently reported as a
problem by PWE than by control participants. Our observational register
of self-reported symptoms suggested anger being more often a problem in
patients taking LEV than in PWE taking other AED. PWE should be informed
about this potential problem of LEV. Language: Eng |
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| Citation | Loberiza FR, Cannon AJ. Cancer 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. floberiza@unmc.edu. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Copyright | (Copyright © 2013, American Cancer Society, Publisher John Wiley and Sons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI | 10.1002/cncr.27982 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PMID | 23512257 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | [Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng
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