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vendredi 22 mars 2013

REVUE DE PRESSE BIBLIOGRAPHIES PUBLICATIONS RECHERCHE AUTRES PAYS

REVUE DE PRESSE BIBLIOGRAPHIES PUBLICATIONS RECHERCHE AUTRES PAYS Semaine du 22 mars 2013


source : http://highwire.stanford.edu

AUSTRALIE :

The effectiveness of structural interventions at suicide hotspots: a meta-analysis
Jane Pirkis, Matthew J Spittal, Georgina Cox, Jo Robinson, Yee Tak Derek Cheung, and David Studdert
Int. J. Epidemiol. published 15 March 2013, 10.1093/ije/dyt021  [Abstract] 

L'efficacité des interventions structurelles sur les zones sensibles  de suicide: une méta-analyse
Certains sites de référence ont acquis une certaine notoriété en tant que «zones sensibles» pour se suicider en sautant. Les interventions structurelles (par exemple barrières et de filets de sécurité) ont été installés à certains de ces sites. Les études individuelles portant sur l'efficacité de ces interventions ont été de faible puissance...


ARIZONA

Latina Teen Suicide and Bullying
Andrea J. Romero, Christina Bracamonte Wiggs, Celina Valencia, and Sheri Baumann
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences. published 15 March 2013, 10.1177/0739986312474237  [Abstract] 


Suicide des adolescents latino et intimidation
Adolescents Latino souffrent de dépression et des idées suicidaires de manière disproportionnée par rapport à leurs homologues non-Latina. Nous étudions les symptômes dépressifs et le suicide auprès d'un échantillon échelle de l'État (N = 650) des filles Latina adolescentes en mettant l'accent sur ​​l'intimidation comme un prédicteur.

USA : Differences in Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among 9th and 11th Grade Youth: A Longitudinal Perspective
Lise E. Fried, Sandra Williams, Howard Cabral, and Karen Hacker
The Journal of School Nursing. 2013; 29:113-122.  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Les différences dans les facteurs de risque de tentatives de suicide chez les jeunes 9e et 11e année: une perspective longitudinale

Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la relation entre le calendrier des facteurs de développement et de risque pour le suicide des adolescents. Des données représentatives au niveau national de l'enquête Add Health ont été utilisés. La relation entre les caractéristiques socio-démographiques, les facteurs de risque connus, et le calendrier de développement physique et cognitif de style de développement pour tentative de suicide a été évaluée.

DANEMARK : Are there differences in injury mortality among refugees and immigrants compared with native-born?
Marie Norredam, Maja Olsbjerg, Jorgen H Petersen, Bjarne Laursen, and Allan Krasnik
Inj. Prev. 2013; 19:100-105.  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y at-il des différences dans la mortalité par traumatisme chez les réfugiés et les immigrants par rapport aux natifs? Les auteurs ont étudié la mortalité par traumatisme au Danemark parmi les réfugiés et les immigrants par rapport à celui des Danois de naissance.

CANADA
The Impact of Loss of an Adult Child Through Suicide
Journal Watch Psychiatry. 2013; 2013:1.  [Full Text]L'impact de la perte d'un enfant adulte par suicide

La perte est le facteur déclenchant le plus important de troubles psychiatriques, et il semble logique que certaines pertes ont un impact plus profond que les autres. Ces chercheurs ont utilisé quatre bases de données couvrant la plupart des résidents d'une province canadienne dans son ensemble afin de déterminer les conséquences pour les parents et beaux-parents () dont les enfants sont morts par suicide (âge moyen, 30; âge <19, 20%; 1415 parents) ou dans un accident de véhicule à moteur (MVA; âge moyen, 25 ans; âge <19, 28%; 1132 parents).




SOURCE PUBMED (du 17/03/2013 au 20/03/2013)


Wetterling T, Schneider B.
Psychiatr Prax. 2013 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print] German.


Kurita M, Moreno JL, Holloway T, Kozlenkov A, Mocci G, Garcia-Bea A, Hanks JB, Neve R, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Gonzalez-Maeso J.
Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print]


Pompili M, Pennica A, Serafini G, Battuello M, Innamorati M, Teti E, Girardi N, Amore M, Lamis DA, Aceti A, Girardi P.
J Psychiatr Pract. 2013 Mar;19(2):109-17. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000428557.56211.cf.


Bagge CL, Littlefield AK, Lee HJ.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Mar 15. doi:pii: S0165-0327(13)00120-1. 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.004. [Epub ahead of print]


Van Orden KA, Stone DM, Rowe J, McIntosh WL, Podgorski C, Conwell Y.
Contemp Clin Trials. 2013 Mar 15. doi:pii: S1551-7144(13)00036-0. 10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.003. [Epub ahead of print]
Gerkin DG.
Tenn Med. 2013 Feb;106(2):7-8. No abstract available.


Njei B, Lim JK.
Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2013 Jan;6(1):31-2. No abstract available.


O'Donovan A, Rush G, Hoatam G, Hughes BM, McCrohan A, Kelleher C, O'Farrelly C, Malone KM.
Depress Anxiety. 2013 Mar 15. doi: 10.1002/da.22087. [Epub ahead of print]


Peñas-Lledó EM, Naranjo ME, Llerena A.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.


Frierson RL.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2013;41(1):79-84.


Liu X, Lu D, Zhou L, Su L.
Indian Pediatr. 2012 Dec 5. doi:pii: S097475591200698. [Epub ahead of print]


Mackenzie DW.
Crisis. 2013 Mar 15:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]


De Silva S, Parker A, Purcell R, Callahan P, Liu P, Hetrick S.
Crisis. 2013 Mar 15:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]


Pompili M, Lester D, Dominici G, Longo L, Marconi G, Forte A, Serafini G, Amore M, Girardi P.
Schizophr Res. 2013 Mar 14. doi:pii: S0920-9964(13)00097-2. 10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.005. [Epub ahead of print]


Moreira L, Bins H, Toressan R, Ferro C, Harttmann T, Petribú K, Juruena MF, do Rosário MC, Ferrão YA.
J Psychosom Res. 2013 Apr;74(4):313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.12.004. Epub 2012 Dec 29.


Park JY, Han JW, Jeong H, Jeong HG, Kim TH, Yoon IY, Kim KW.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Mar 13. doi:pii: S0165-0327(13)00185-7. 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.025. [Epub ahead of print]


Consoli A, Peyre H, Speranza M, Hassler C, Falissard B, Touchette E, Cohen D, Moro MR, Révah-Lévy A.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2013 Mar 16;7(1):8. [Epub ahead of print]

Ojagbemi A, Oladeji B, Abiona T, Gureje O.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 13;13(1):80. [Epub ahead of print]


Rietjens JA, Raijmakers NJ, Kouwenhoven PS, Seale C, van Thiel GJ, Trappenburg M, van Delden JJ, van der Heide A.
Ahlm K, Saveman BI, Björnstig U.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Mar 11;13(1):216. [Epub ahead of print]


Cox GR, Owens C, Robinson J, Nicholas A, Lockley A, Williamson M, Cheung YT, Pirkis J.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Mar 9;13(1):214. [Epub ahead of print]

Thulesius HO, Scott H, Helgesson G, Lynöe N.
BMC Palliat Care. 2013 Mar 13;12:13. doi: 10.1186/1472-684X-12-13.

Blosnich J, Bossarte R, Silver E, Silenzio V.
Mil Med. 2013 Feb;178(2):207-12.


Paris J.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013 Feb;201(2):143-4. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827f64c8. No abstract available.


Garcia G, Logan GE, Gonzalez-Heydrich J.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2012 Oct;21(4):713-38. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2012.07.012. Review.


Szpak A, Allen D.
J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Nov;26(11):1502-10. doi: 10.1177/0269881112442788. Epub 2012 Apr 2.



Sur http://www.safetylit.org semaine du 23/03/2013

A narrative review of secondary hazards in hospitals from cases of chemical self-poisoning and chemical exposure
Citation Stewart-Evans JL, Sharman A, Isaac J. Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2012; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation aDepartment of Environmental Hazards and Emergencies (EHED), Centre for Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Health Protection Agency, Nottingham City Hospital bAdult Intensive Care Unit, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
Copyright (Copyright © 2012, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)
DOI 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32835d002c
PMID 23263649
Abstract Secondary hazards are an important consideration when dealing with both self-poisoned and chemically contaminated patients. Secondary exposure of hospital staff following the admission of a poisoned patient is relatively rare but potentially serious. Risks usually arise from chemical conversion of a deliberately ingested toxic substance and subsequent offgassing, but there may be toxic substances on the victim or their clothing. Surface contamination is a more common concern in cases where patients have been exposed to chemical releases. This paper presents a narrative review that considers some of the more commonly encountered toxic chemicals and situations that may present secondary hazards in hospitals. Risks to staff can be lowered by reducing the potential for, and duration of, exposure wherever possible. Good communication with the first responders at the scene, consultation with experts, decontamination and use of personal protective equipment, together with regular training, can minimize risks in the hospital environment.


Language: Eng
***
Citation Wetterling T, Schneider B. Psychiatr. Prax. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Vernacular Title Alkoholintoxikation und akute Suizidalität.
Affiliation Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Vivantes Klinikum Hellersdorf, Berlin.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Georg Thieme Verlag)
DOI 10.1055/s-0032-1332987
PMID 23508776
Abstract Objective: Although there is a rich literature showing that addictive disorders are important risk factors for suicide, corresponding studies on suicidal behavior are rare. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of alcohol intoxication on suicidal behavior.Methods: Prospective study. All patients admitted to a psychiatric department providing the psychiatric services for a district of Berlin (250,000 inhabitants) within 15 month.Results: Within this period 184 persons were admitted after showing suicidal behaviour (n = 227 admissions). 54.3 % of them were alcohol intoxicated (BAC > 1 g/l). Apart from substance use disorders the most common diagnoses were adjustment disorders (41.0 %), followed by depressive disorders (27.3 %). 28.2 % committed a suicide attempt. All kinds of suicidal behaviour were accompanied by alcohol intoxication, particularly threatening of committing suicide. Persons admitted without alcohol ingestion frequently suffered from depression or schizophrenia.Conclusions: This study shows that persons showing the suicidal behaviour were frequently alcohol intoxicated.


Language: Ger



Citation Richard-Devantoy S, Guillaume S, Olié E, Courtet P, Jollant F. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire EA 4638, Université de Nantes et Angers, France.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.049
PMID 23489393
Abstract BACKGROUND: Suicidal acts result from a complex interplay between vulnerability factors, such as reduced social and cognitive abilities, social stressors. To our knowledge nothing is known about the explicit recognition of others' facial emotions, a major component of social interactions, in patients at long-term risk for suicide. METHODS: Thirty-five non-depressed patients with a history of a serious suicide attempt and mood disorders were compared with 31 patients with a history of mood disorders but no personal history of suicidal acts, and with 37 healthy controls with no personal history of mood disorders or suicide attempts. The explicit recognition of six facial emotions (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, and neutral) was assessed. RESULTS: Suicide attempters made significantly more errors in the explicit recognition of disgust, relative to the other groups, with no differences between the control groups or for the other emotions examined. Semantic verbal fluency and verbal working memory performances were also reduced in suicide attempters relative to the other two groups but could not explain the facial recognition deficits. LIMITATIONS: Our results need replication with a larger sample size. Most patients were medicated. CONCLUSIONS: Explicit recognition of disgust appears to be specifically altered in relation to vulnerability to suicide but not to depression. Reduced ability to recognize some social emotions may impair the patient's capacity to adequately interact with his own social environment, potentially increasing the risk of interpersonal conflict, negative emotions and suicidal crisis. Improving cognitive and social skills may be a target for future individual suicide prevention.

Language: Eng


Citation Liu W, Kuramoto SJ, Stuart EA. Prev. Sci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD, USA, liu-weiwei@norc.org.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media)
DOI 10.1007/s11121-012-0339-5
PMID 23408282
Abstract Despite the fact that randomization is the gold standard for estimating causal relationships, many questions in prevention science are often left to be answered through nonexperimental studies because randomization is either infeasible or unethical. While methods such as propensity score matching can adjust for observed confounding, unobserved confounding is the Achilles heel of most nonexperimental studies. This paper describes and illustrates seven sensitivity analysis techniques that assess the sensitivity of study results to an unobserved confounder. These methods were categorized into two groups to reflect differences in their conceptualization of sensitivity analysis, as well as their targets of interest. As a motivating example, we examine the sensitivity of the association between maternal suicide and offspring's risk for suicide attempt hospitalization. While inferences differed slightly depending on the type of sensitivity analysis conducted, overall, the association between maternal suicide and offspring's hospitalization for suicide attempt was found to be relatively robust to an unobserved confounder. The ease of implementation and the insight these analyses provide underscores sensitivity analysis techniques as an important tool for nonexperimental studies. The implementation of sensitivity analysis can help increase confidence in results from nonexperimental studies and better inform prevention researchers and policy makers regarding potential intervention targets.

Language: Eng



Citation Batterham PJ, Christensen H, Calear AL. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1002/da.22066
PMID 23494924
Abstract BACKGROUND: Relative to depression symptoms, the role of anxiety symptoms in the development of depression and suicidal ideation has not been well established. This study aimed to identify the anxiety and depression symptoms that confer the greatest amount of risk for depression and suicidal ideation at the population level. METHOD: The PATH through Life study is an Australian community-based longitudinal cohort study of 7,485 younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Adjusted population attributable risk (PAR) for incident depression and suicidal ideation after 4 years was assessed for 18 symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Anxiety symptoms contributed greater risk overall to both depression (45%) and suicidal ideation (23%) incidence than depression symptoms (35% and 16%, respectively). Anxiety symptoms had largest PARs among younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention programs for depression and suicide should aim to reduce anxiety symptoms in addition to depression symptoms, and target individuals reporting symptoms such as worrying or irritability.

Language: Eng
Journal Article
Citation Mackenzie DW. Crisis 2013; ePub(ePub): 1-4.
Affiliation Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, International Association for Suicide Prevention, Publisher Hogrefe Publishing)
DOI 10.1027/0227-5910/a000197
PMID 23502060
Abstract Background: Suicide clusters at Cornell University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) prompted popular and expert speculation of suicide contagion. However, some clustering is to be expected in any random process. Aim: This work tested whether suicide clusters at these two universities differed significantly from those expected under a homogeneous Poisson process, in which suicides occur randomly and independently of one another. Method: Suicide dates were collected for MIT and Cornell for 1990-2012. The Anderson-Darling statistic was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the intervals between suicides to distribution expected under the Poisson process. Results: Suicides at MIT were consistent with the homogeneous Poisson process, while those at Cornell showed clustering inconsistent with such a process (p = .05). Conclusions: The Anderson-Darling test provides a statistically powerful means to identify suicide clustering in small samples. Practitioners can use this method to test for clustering in relevant communities. The difference in clustering behavior between the two institutions suggests that more institutions should be studied to determine the prevalence of suicide clustering in universities and its causes.


Language: Eng

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Citation McCarthy JF, Ilgen MA, Austin K, Blow FC, Katz IR. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Mental Health Operations (OMHO); VA OMHO Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center; VA Center for Clinical Management Research; University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry. John.McCarthy2@va.gov.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Wiley-Blackwell)
DOI 10.1002/oby.20422
PMID 23512622
Abstract OBJECTIVES: We evaluate associations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and suicide risks and methods for individuals receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health system. DESIGN AND METHODS: For 4,005,640 patients in fiscal years 2001-2002, multivariable survival analyses assessed associations between BMI and suicide, through FY2009. Covariates included demographics, psychiatric and non-psychiatric diagnoses, receipt of VHA mental health encounters, and regional network. Among suicide decedents, multivariable Generalized Estimating Equations regression examined associations between BMI and suicide method. RESULTS: 1.3% of patients were underweight, 24.3% normal weight, 40.6% overweight, and 33.8% obese. Underweight was associated with increased suicide risk (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36) compared to normal. Overweight and obese status were associated with lower risk (AHR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.82; AHR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.66, respectively). Among suicide decedents, high lethality methods were most common among underweight and least common among obese individuals. Adjusting for covariates, BMI was not associated with method lethality, yet some associations were observed between BMI and specific methods. CONCLUSIONS: Among VHA patients, BMI was negatively associated with suicide risks. These differences may partly relate to choice of suicide method. Low BMI offers an additional resource for clinical suicide risk assessments.


Language: Eng

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Citation Taubner S, White LO, Zimmermann J, Fonagy P, Nolte T. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany, Svenja.taubner@uni-kassel.de.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media)
DOI 10.1007/s10802-013-9736-x
PMID 23512713
Abstract The lack of affective responsiveness to others' mental states - one of the hallmarks of psychopathy - is thought to give rise to increased interpersonal aggression. Recent models of psychopathy highlight deficits in attachment security that may, in turn, impede the development of relating to others in terms of mental states (mentalization). Here, we aimed to assess whether mentalization linked to attachment relationships may serve as a moderator for the relationship between interpersonal aggression and psychopathic traits in an adolescent community sample. Data from 104 males and females with a mean age of 16.4 years were collected on mentalization capacities using the Reflective Functioning Scale on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Psychopathic traits and aggressive behavior were measured via self-report. Deficits in mentalization were significantly associated with both psychopathic traits and proactive aggression. As predicted, mentalization played a moderating role, such that individuals with increased psychopathic tendencies did not display increased proactive aggression when they had higher mentalizing capacities. Effects of mentalization on reactive aggression were fully accounted for by its shared variance with proactive aggression. Psychopathic traits alone only partially explain aggression in adolescence. Mentalization may serve as a protective factor to prevent the emergence of proactive aggression in spite of psychopathic traits and may provide a crucial target for intervention.


Language: Eng

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Citation Katz IR, Kemp JE, Blow FC, McCarthy JF, Bossarte RM. Psychiatr. Serv. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Psychiatric Association)
DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.201200253
PMID 23494171
Abstract OBJECTIVE Between 2005 and 2009, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) enhanced its mental health programs and increased outpatient mental health staffing by 52.8%. However, suicide rates among VHA patients remained the same. This study evaluated this finding by examining variability in staffing increases between VHA's 21 regional networks (Veterans Integrated Service Networks) (VISNs) and associations with suicide rates. METHODS Suicide rates among VHA patients were derived from the National Death Index and VHA clinical and administrative records for 2005 and 2009. Comparisons across VISNs used measures of proportional change in mental health staffing (overall and in inpatient, residential, intensive case management, and outpatient programs) and comparable measures of mental health staffing per 1,000 mental health patients. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between proportional changes from 2005 to 2009 in suicide rates and outpatient mental health staffing (r=-.453, p=.039) and outpatient mental health staffing per 1,000 patients (r=-.533, p=.013). The ten VISNs above the median in proportional changes in mental health staffing had average decreases in suicide rates of 12.6% while those below had increases of 11.6% (p=.005). For proportional changes in mental health staffing per 1,000 patients, those above the median had decreases of 11.2% and those below had increases of 13.8% (p=.014). For the average VISN, it would have required a 27.5%-36.8% increase in outpatient staff over 2005 levels to decrease suicide rates by 10%. CONCLUSIONS Mental health enhancements in VHA were associated with decreases in suicide rates in VISNs where the increases in mental health outpatient staffing were greatest.


Language: Eng

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Citation Agrawal A, Constantino AM, Bucholz KK, Glowinski A, Madden PA, Heath AC, Lynskey MT. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 2013; 74(3): 406-412.
Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc., Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
DOI unavailable
PMID 23490569
Abstract Objective: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and suicidal ideation (SI) co-occur, yet few studies have investigated the risk and protective factors that infl uence their comorbidity. Method: Data from 3,787 twin women ages 18'27 years were analyzed. AUD was defined as a lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. SI was coded as a lifetime report of any SI, and all subjects were queried about SI. Subjects were divided into those with neither AUD nor SI (AUD-SI-), those with AUD but no SI (AUD+SI-), those with SI but no AUD (AUD-SI+), and those with comorbid AUD and SI (AUD+SI+). Association with multiple measures of psychopathology, negative life events, personality, and family history was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Women with AUD were at 3.1 (95% confidence interval [2.5, 3.8]) odds of also reporting a lifetime history of SI. Psychopathology and negative life events were consistently high in the AUD+SI+ group. AUD+SI+ women also were more likely to report drinking to cope. Substance use was more common in the AUD+SI- versus the AUD-SI+ women, whereas major depressive disorder, social phobia, and panic attacks were more commonly reported by the AUD-SI+ versus the AUD+SI- women. Conclusions: The comorbidity between AUD and SI is characterized in young women by co-occurring psychopathology, drinking to cope, and negative life events. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 406-412, 2013).


Language: Eng

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Citation Lathrop SL. J. Forensic Sci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC07 4040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Society for Testing and Materials, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1111/1556-4029.12106
PMID 23488683
Abstract To better understand risk factors and populations at risk of childhood fatalities, a review of all records of childhood deaths (≤19 years) between 2000 and 2010 from New Mexico's statewide medical examiner was conducted. Annually, 313-383 childhood deaths were investigated (3820 total). Males and American Indians were overrepresented (62% and 20.4% of deaths, respectively). The most common manner of death was natural (44.8%), followed by accidental (31.4%), homicide (8.8%), suicide (8.8%), and undetermined (4.1%). Infants under 1 year of age accounted for 41.4% of deaths. Motor vehicle crashes were responsible for the majority of accidental deaths (69%), followed by unintentional overdoses (6.9%), and drowning (5.3%). Gunshot wounds, either intentional or unintentional, caused 10.7% of childhood deaths. Complete medico-legal investigation of childhood fatalities is needed to provide public health agencies with adequate data to evaluate and prevent childhood deaths.


Language: Eng

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Citation Au TM, Dickstein BD, Comer JS, Salters-Pedneault K, Litz BT. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Boston University, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: tau@bu.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.026
PMID 23489401
Abstract BACKGROUND: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression frequently co-occur, but their distinctiveness following trauma remains unclear. We examined patterns of PTSD and depression symptoms after sexual assault to evaluate the extent to which assault survivors primarily reported symptoms of both disorders or whether there were meaningfully distinct subgroups with discordant PTSD and depression symptoms. METHODS: Latent profile analysis was used to examine self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms among 119 female sexual assault survivors at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-months post-assault. RESULTS: At all time points, a 4-class solution fit the data best, revealing four subgroups with low, low-moderate, high-moderate, and severe levels of both PTSD and depression symptoms. Within each subgroup, PTSD symptom severity co-occurred with comparable depression symptom severity. At no time point were there reliable subgroups with discordant PTSD and depression symptom severities. Emotional numbing, hyperarousal, and overall PTSD symptom severity reliably distinguished each class from the others. Class membership at 1-month post-assault predicted subsequent class membership and functional impairment. LIMITATIONS: Additional research is needed to evaluate predictors of class membership, temporal stability of classes, and generalizability to other trauma populations. CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring and comparably severe PTSD and depression symptoms are pervasive among female sexual assault survivors. The absence of a distinct subset of individuals with only PTSD or depression symptoms suggests that PTSD and depression may be manifestations of a general posttraumatic stress response rather than distinct disorders after trauma. Integrated treatments targeting both PTSD and depression symptoms may therefore prove more efficient and effective.


Language: Eng

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Citation Rohan KJ, Evans M, Mahon JN, Sitnikov L, Ho SY, Nillni YI, Postolache TT, Vacek PM. Trials 2013; 14(1): 82.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, BioMed Central)
DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-14-82
PMID 23514124
Abstract BACKGROUND: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of recurrent depression involving major depressive episodes during the fall and/or winter months that remit in the spring. The central public health challenge in the management of SAD is prevention of winter depression recurrence. Light therapy (LT) is the established and best available acute SAD treatment. However, long-term compliance with daily LT from first symptom through spontaneous springtime remission every fall/winter season is poor. Time-limited alternative treatments with effects that endure beyond the cessation of acute treatment are needed to prevent the annual recurrence of SAD.Methods/design: This is an NIMH-funded R01-level randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a novel, SAD-tailored cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBT) against LT in a head-to-head comparison on next winter outcomes. This project is designed to test for a clinically meaningful difference between CBT and LT on depression recurrence in the next winter (the primary outcome). This is a concurrent two-arm study that will randomize 160 currently symptomatic community adults with major depression, recurrent with seasonal pattern, to CBT or LT. After 6 weeks of treatment in the initial winter, participants are followed in the subsequent summer, the next winter, and two winters later. Key methodological issues surround timing study procedures for a predictably recurrent and time-limited disorder with a focus on long-term outcomes. DISCUSSION: The chosen design answers the primary question of whether prior exposure to CBT is associated with a substantially lower likelihood of depression recurrence the next winter than LT. This design does not test the relative contributions of the cognitive-behavioral treatment components vs. nonspecific factors to CBT's outcomes and is not adequately powered to test for differences or equivalence between cells at treatment endpoint. Alternative designs addressing these limitations would have required more patients, increased costs, and reduced power to detect a difference in the primary outcome.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01714050).


Language: Eng

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Citation Dogan S, Regeer EJ, Mol EM, Braam AW. Tijdschr. Psychiatr. 2013; 55(3): 209-213.
Vernacular Title Gedwongen opname na Medea-dreigement bij gesimuleerde psychose.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Uitgeverij de Tijdstroom)
DOI unavailable
PMID 23512634
Abstract A 30-year-old woman who simulated a psychosis and threatened to commit infanticide and suicide was forcibly admitted to an acute psychiatric unit under the Mental Health Act. She was discharged an hour later after confessing that she had feigned illness. In this article we discuss the subject of feigned illness (malingering) and its clinical aspects in the acute psychiatric setting. Early recognition of malingering can prevent unnecessary admissions and iatrogenic damage.


Language: Dut

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Citation Bagge CL, Littlefield AK, Lee HJ. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jackson, MS 39216, United States. Electronic address: cbagge@umc.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.004
PMID 23507371
Abstract BACKGROUND: Different conceptualizations of an impulsive suicide attempt (ISA) have not been studied systematically and there is no standard assessment of an ISA. This lack of clarity hinders the advancement of suicidological research and knowledge. The aim of the current study was to examine clinical correlates of different facets of an ISA (reduced proximal contemplation, planning, and decision to act) across divergent methodologies. METHODS: Participants included 212 recent suicide attempters presenting to a Level 1 trauma hospital. The Suicide Intent Scale and the Timeline Follow-Back Interview for suicide attempts were used to assess different facets of an ISA and their associations with other attempt characteristics, and proximal and distal clinical correlates. RESULTS: A large percentage of patients had an ISA using facets of varying severity (ranging from 42% [contemplation] to 85% [decision]). Multivariate analyses revealed unique associations between a particular ISA facet and the following: hopelessness and depressive symptoms (contemplation), subjective expectation of fatality (planning), and acute negative life events (decision). LIMITATIONS: Validated self-report screening measures were used to assess current psychopathology and future studies should include structured interviews to assess diagnostic features. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a fine-grained approach is needed for furthering our understanding of the ISA construct. In light of the current findings, ISA should be seriously considered given clinicians' task of determining whether a particular patient is at imminent risk for suicide.


Language: Eng

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Citation Bonanno RA, Hymel S. J. Youth Adolesc. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Human Development and Learning, Dowling College, School of Education, 150 Idle Hour Blvd., Oakdale, NY, 11769, USA, Bonannor@dowling.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media)
DOI 10.1007/s10964-013-9937-1
PMID 23512485
Abstract Although recent research has demonstrated significant links between involvement in cyber bullying and various internalizing difficulties, there exists debate as to whether these links are independent of involvement in more traditional forms of bullying. The present study systematically examined the association between involvement in cyber bullying, as either a victim or a bully, and both depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Self-report data were collected from 399 (57 % female) Canadian adolescents in grades 8-10 (mean age = 14.2 years, SD = .91 years). Results indicated that involvement in cyber bullying, as either a victim or a bully, uniquely contributed to the prediction of both depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation, over and above the contribution of involvement in traditional forms of bullying (physical, verbal, relational). Given the ever increasing rate of accessibility to technology in both schools and homes, these finding underscore the importance of addressing cyber bullying, with respect to both research and intervention, as a unique phenomenon with equally unique challenges for students, parents, school administrators and researchers alike.


Language: Eng

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Citation Minelli N, Marchetti D. J. Forensic Sci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Institute of Forensic Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Society for Testing and Materials, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1111/1556-4029.12114
PMID 23488733
Abstract The death certificate is mandated by civil law and serves as a medical-scientific document useful for biostatistics and epidemiological research. For a variety of reasons, death certificates can be misclassified. We reviewed data from self-inflicted deaths collected over an 8-year period by the Forensic Institute of the University Sacro Cuore of Rome (Italy). Four hundred and thirty-five of 2904 were classified as self-inflicted deaths (15%). The comparison with death certificates processed by the local public health authority (ASL) and by the Italian National Census Bureau (Istat) and with the judicial investigation results available in the Italian Penal Court archive shows some discrepancies. One-hundred and twenty-four of 435 deaths were not considered to be self-inflicted but due to a crime (29% overrecording suicide) with a higher reduction for women, suggesting that it is easier to confuse a murder for suicide in female cases. Any discrepancies between the mortality and crime data are discussed in details.


Language: Eng

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Citation Fowler KA, Crosby AE, Parks SE, Ivey AZ, Silverman PR. Del. Med. J. 2013; 85(1): 15-19.
Affiliation Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Medical Society of Delaware)
DOI unavailable
PMID 23513329
Abstract In the first quarter of 2012, eight youth (aged 13-21 years) were known to have died by suicide in Kent and Sussex counties, Delaware, twice the typical median yearly number. State and local officials invited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assist with an epidemiological investigation of fatal and nonfatal youth suicidal behaviors in the first quarter of 2012, to examine risk factors, and to recommend prevention strategies. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Delaware Office of the Medical Examiner, law enforcement, emergency departments, and inpatient records. Key informants from youth-serving organizations in the community were interviewed to better understand local context and perceptions of youth suicide. RESULTS: Eleven fatal and 116 nonfatal suicide attempts were identified for the first quarter of 2012 in Kent and Sussex counties. The median age was higher for the fatalities (18 years) than the nonfatal attempts (16 years). More males died by suicide, and more females nonfatally attempted suicide. Fatal methods were either hanging or firearm, while nonfatal methods were diverse, led by overdose/poisoning and cutting. All decedents had two or more precipitating circumstances. Seventeen of 116 nonfatal cases reported that a peer/friend recently died by or attempted suicide. Local barriers to youth services and suicide prevention were identified. DISCUSSION: Several features were similar to previous clusters: Occurrence among vulnerable youth, rural or suburban setting, and precipitating negative life events. Distribution by sex and method were consistent with national trends for both fatalities and nonfatalities. References to the decedents in the context of nonfatal attempts support the concept of 'point clusters' (social contiguity to other suicidal youth as a risk factor for vulnerable youth) as a framework for understanding clustering of youth suicidal behavior. Recommended prevention strategies included: Training to identify at-risk youth and guide them to services; development of youth programs; monitoring trends in youth suicidal behaviors; reviewing evidence-based suicide prevention strategies; and continued implementation of CDC media guidelines for reporting on suicide.


Language: Eng

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Citation Fowler JC, Allen JG, Oldham JM, Frueh BC. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation The Menninger 12301 Main Street, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: cfowler@menninger.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.045
PMID 23507367
Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to traumatic events is a nonspecific risk factor for psychiatric symptoms including depression. The trauma-depression link finds support in numerous studies; however, explanatory mechanisms linking past trauma to current depressive symptoms are poorly understood. This study examines the role that attachment insecurity plays in mediating the relationship between prior exposure to trauma and current expression of depression severity. METHODS: Past trauma and attachment anxiety and avoidance were assessed at baseline in a large cohort (N=705) of adults admitted to a specialized adult psychiatric hospital with typical lengths of stay ranging from 6 to 8 weeks. Depression severity was assessed at day 14 of treatment using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. RESULTS: Interpersonal trauma (e.g., assaults, abuse) was correlated with depression severity, whereas exposure to impersonal trauma (e.g., natural disasters, accidents) was not. Adult attachment partially mediated the relationship between past interpersonal trauma and depression severity at day 14 among psychiatric inpatients. LIMITATIONS: Measure of trauma exposure did not systematically differentiate the age of exposure or relationship to the perpetrator. Individuals scoring high on the self-report attachment measure may be prone to over-report interpersonal traumas. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of depression in traumatized patients should include an assessment of attachment insecurity and may be fruitful target for intervention.


Language: Eng

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Citation Caine ED. Am. J. Public Health 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Eric D. Caine is with the Injury Control Research Center for Suicide Prevention and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, and the VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua, NY.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Public Health Association)
DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301078
PMID 23488515
Abstract Suicide prevention must be transformed by integrating injury prevention and mental health perspectives to develop a mosaic of common risk public health interventions that address the diversity of populations and individuals whose mortality and morbidity contribute to the burdens of suicide and attempted suicide. Emphasizing distal preventive interventions, strategies must focus on people and places-and on related interpersonal factors and social contexts-to alter the life trajectories of people before they become suicidal. Attention also must be paid to those in the middle years-the age with the greatest overall burden. We need scientific and social processes that define priorities and assess their potential for reducing what has been a steadily increasing rate of suicide during the past decade. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 14, 2013: e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301078).


Language: Eng



Journal Article
Citation Liu X, Lu D, Zhou L, Su L. Indian Pediatr. 2012; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, China Correspondence to: Dr Linyan Su, Department of Child psychiatry Mental Health Institute, Central South University, 139#, Renmin Road, Changsha Hunan, 410011, China. liuxiaoqun1975@hotmail.com.
Copyright (Copyright © 2012, Indian Pediatrics)
DOI unavailable
PMID 23502659
Abstract The present study examined the relationships between victimization, suicidal ideation and forgiveness. 962 Chinese middle school students were evaluated using the Chinese versions of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation scale (PANSI) and the Forgiveness Questionnaire (FQ). High victimization and low forgiveness were found to predict increased suicidal ideation. Victimized students with high level of forgiveness reported less suicidal ideation than students with low level of forgiveness. Forgiveness was found to moderate the association between victimization and suicidal ideation and could be a protective factor against suicidal ideation in victimized students.


Language: Eng

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Citation Smith JA, Frueh BC. J. Anxiety Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of History, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA. Electronic address: smith808@hawaii.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.002
PMID 23489966
Abstract In their thoughtful commentary McCutcheon et al. (in this issue) remind us that caution is warranted in interpreting military suicide data, in part due to the possible political, leadership, and morale pressures to disguise suicides that may have existed during the U.S. Civil War. While we agree generally, we offer further considerations on suicides among Union forces during the war. We discuss the integrity of the data source, the ratio of homicides to suicides, contemporaneous journalistic accounts regarding cultural acceptance of suicide, seasonal variations in suicides, and Dyer's Compendium. All of these points suggest support for our initial argument that suicide rates during the U.S. Civil War were much lower than modern U.S. military suicide rates. We agree with McCutcheon et al. that geography and history remind us there is good reasons to be optimistic that the psychological consequences of war are not inevitably devastating to all those who serve.


Language: Eng

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Citation Labonté B, Suderman M, Maussion G, Lopez JP, Navarro-Sánchez L, Yerko V, Mechawar N, Szyf M, Meaney MJ, Turecki G. Am. J. Psychiatry 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Psychiatric Association)
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12050627
PMID 23511308
Abstract OBJECTIVE Gene expression changes have been reported in the brains of suicide completers. More recently, differences in promoter DNA methylation between suicide completers and comparison subjects in specific genes have been associated with these changes in gene expression patterns, implicating DNA methylation alterations as a plausible component of the pathophysiology of suicide. The authors used a genome-wide approach to investigate the extent of DNA methylation alterations in the brains of suicide completers. METHOD Promoter DNA methylation was profiled using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by microarray hybridization in hippocampal tissue from 62 men (46 suicide completers and 16 comparison subjects). The correlation between promoter methylation and expression was investigated by comparing the MeDIP data with gene expression profiles generated through mRNA microarray. Methylation differences between groups were validated on neuronal and nonneuronal DNA fractions isolated by fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. RESULTS The authors identified 366 promoters that were differentially methylated in suicide completers relative to comparison subjects (273 hypermethylated and 93 hypomethylated). Overall, promoter methylation differences were inversely correlated with gene expression differences. Functional annotation analyses revealed an enrichment of differential methylation in the promoters of genes involved, among other functions, in cognitive processes. Validation was performed on the top genes from this category, and these differences were found to occur mainly in the neuronal cell fraction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest broad reprogramming of promoter DNA methylation patterns in the hippocampus of suicide completers. This may help explain gene expression alterations associated with suicide and possibly behavioral changes increasing suicide risk.


Language: Eng

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Citation Kim SW, Kang HJ, Kim SY, Kim JM, Yoon JS, Jung SW, Lee MS, Yim HW, Jun TY. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1002/da.22088
PMID 23495050
Abstract OBJECTIVE: The impact of childhood adversity persists across the life course. This study aimed to investigate the associations of childhood adversity with the course, suicidality, and treatment outcomes of depressive disorders. METHOD: A total of 919 people with depressive disorders were recruited. Childhood adversities (≤12 years old) were ascertained using a checklist, in sexual abuse, physical abuse by parents, and separation of parents. Various assessment scales were administered at baseline and over 12 weeks of antidepressants treatment. RESULTS: All three forms of childhood adversity were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing more current stressful events. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were significantly higher in participants with a history of sexual abuse. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were significantly higher, and scores on the WHO Quality of life instrument were significantly lower in participants with a history of physical abuse by parents. They were more likely to receive augmentation and combination treatment after the initial antidepressant treatment, whereas overall response rates to treatment did not differ. Scores on the Beck Scale for suicide ideation were significantly higher after treatment and/or at baseline in patients with sexual or physical abuse. Physical illness was more prevalent in individuals with physical abuse by parents or separation of parents. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive patients with a history of childhood adversities had more severe and chronic forms of depression with high suicidality. More intensive treatment with particular clinical attention is indicated for this special population.


Language: Eng

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Citation Peñas-Lledó EM, Naranjo ME, Llerena A. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University Hospital Medical School and CIBERSAM, Badajoz, Spain, eplledo@gmail.com.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media)
DOI 10.1007/s00406-013-0402-7
PMID 23504002
Abstract
[Abstract unavailable]

Language: Eng

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Citation Tichelli A, Labopin M, Rovó A, Badoglio M, Arat M, van Lint MT, Lawitschka A, Schwarze CP, Passweg J, Socié G. Cancer 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. tichelli@datacomm.ch.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Cancer Society, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1002/cncr.27987
PMID 23512286
Abstract BACKGROUND: Relapse and transplant-related complications are leading causes of mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Suicides and accidents have not been studied in these patients. This study sought to determine whether there is an excess of suicide and accidental deaths after HSCT, and to determine risk factors. METHODS: The incidence of suicidal and accidental death in patients after undergoing HSCT, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and absolute excess risk (AER) of suicide and accidental deaths was determined, compared with the general European population. A case-control analysis was done to define factors associated with suicide and accidental deaths. Data were derived from the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry, including 294,922 patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic HSCT from 1980 to 2009. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative incidence of suicide and accidental deaths was 101.8 and 55.6 per 100,000 patients, respectively. SMR and AER of suicide after HSCT were 2.12 (P < .001) and 10.91, higher than in the European general population for 100,000 deaths, respectively. SMR and AER of accidental death were 1.23 (P < .05) and 2.54, respectively. In the case-control study, relapses were more frequent among patients who committed suicide after autologous HSCT (37% versus 18%; P < .0001). Chronic graft-versus-host disease was higher among patients who committed suicide after allogeneic HSCT (64% versus 37%; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: There is an excess of deaths due to suicide and accidents in patients after undergoing HSCT as compared with the European general population. Relapse was associated with more suicide and accidental deaths after autologous HSCT, and chronic graft-versus-host disease was associated with more deaths by suicide after allogeneic HSCT. Cancer 2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society.


Language: Eng

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Citation Jarrett M, Siddiqui S, Lochman J, Qu L. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Psychology , University of Alabama.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)
DOI 10.1080/15374416.2013.764823
PMID 23402743
Abstract Intervention and prevention programs for children with externalizing problems frequently involve children with co-occurring internalizing problems. Little is known about how these co-occurring internalizing problems predict outcomes, particularly for programs involving cognitive-behavioral strategies. The current study examined how a set of child-related risk factors (including anxiety and depressive symptoms) predicted change in parent- and teacher-reported externalizing problems following a school-based preventative intervention for children at risk for externalizing problems. Participants included 112 preadolescent children (ages 9-12) who participated in a study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the Coping Power Program (Lochman & Wells, 2004 ). Participants included 81 boys (68%) who were primarily African American (69%) or Caucasian (30%). Regression analyses were conducted to examine predictors of change in parent- and teacher-reported externalizing problems on the Behavior Assessment System for Children (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992 ). Results indicated that greater child depression symptoms (as reported by parent or teacher) were associated with a larger reduction in externalizing behavior problems based on parent or teacher report. This effect was found in both the parent and teacher models and held after controlling for a number of child-oriented baseline variables including baseline aggression. Future research studies should examine whether co-occurring symptoms of depression relate to enhanced changes in externalizing problems following intervention for externalizing problems, particularly when cognitive-behavioral interventions are utilized. In addition, it will be important for studies to examine such effects relative to a control group and/or alternative treatment conditions and to further explore possible mechanisms of change.


Language: Eng

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Citation Cox GR, Owens C, Robinson J, Nicholas A, Lockley A, Williamson M, Cheung YT, Pirkis J. BMC Public Health 2013; 13(1): 214.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, BioMed Central)
DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-214
PMID 23496989
Abstract BACKGROUND: 'Suicide hotspots' include tall structures (for example, bridges and cliffs), railway tracks, and isolated locations (for example, rural car parks) which offer direct means for suicide or seclusion that prevents intervention. METHODS: We searched Medline for studies that could inform the following question: 'What interventions are available to reduce suicides at hotspots, and are they effective?' RESULTS: There are four main approaches: (a) restricting access to means (through installation of physical barriers); (b) encouraging help-seeking (by placement of signs and telephones); (c) increasing the likelihood of intervention by a third party (through surveillance and staff training); and (d) encouraging responsible media reporting of suicide (through guidelines for journalists). There is relatively strong evidence that reducing access to means can avert suicides at hotspots without substitution effects. The evidence is weaker for the other approaches, although they show promise. CONCLUSIONS: More well-designed intervention studies are needed to strengthen this evidence base.


Language: Eng

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Citation Betz ME, Miller M, Barber C, Miller I, Sullivan AF, Camargo CA, Boudreaux ED. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1002/da.22075
PMID 23495002
Abstract BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the beliefs and behaviors of emergency department (ED) providers related to preventing suicide by reducing suicidal patients' access to lethal methods (means restriction) and identify characteristics associated with asking patients about firearm access. METHODS: Physicians and nurses at eight EDs completed a confidential, voluntary survey. RESULTS: The response rate was 79% (n = 631); 57% of respondents were females and 49% were nurses. Less than half believed, "most" or "all" suicides are preventable. More nurses (67%) than physicians (44%) thought "most" or "all" firearm suicide decedents would have died by another method had a firearm been unavailable (P < .001). The proportion of providers who reported they "almost always" ask suicidal patients about firearm access varied across five patient scenarios: suicidal with firearm suicide plan (64%), suicidal with no suicide plan (22%), suicidal with nonfirearm plan (21%), suicidal in past month but not today (16%), and overdosed but no longer suicidal (9%). In multivariable logistic regression, physicians were more likely than nurses to "almost always" or "often" ask about a firearm across all five scenarios, as were older providers and those who believed their own provider type was responsible for assessing firearm access. CONCLUSIONS: Many ED providers are skeptical about the preventability of suicide and the effectiveness of means restriction, and most do not assess suicidal patients' firearm access except when a patient has a firearm suicide plan. These findings suggest the need for targeted staff education concerning means restriction for suicide prevention.


Language: Eng

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Citation Wasserscheid K, Backendorf A, Michna D, Mallmann R, Hoffmann B. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 2013; 29(1): 89-92.
Affiliation From the *Department of Pediatrics, Elisabeth-Hospital Essen; †Department of Neonatology, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt; and ‡DRK Children's Hospital Siegen, Germany.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)
DOI 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31827b5747
PMID 23283275
Abstract BACKGROUND: Colchicine is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of gout, familial Mediterranean fever, and Behçet disease. However, because of its potent inhibition of mitosis, adverse effects and symptoms of intoxication are frequent. Clinical manifestations of colchicine intoxication include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and multiorgan failure including cardiovascular collapse with fatal outcome. OBJECTIVE: We report here the case of a 14-year-old girl who ingested 12.5 mg (0.23 mg/kg body weight) colchicine in a suicide attempt. CASE REPORT: Major complaints of this fully conscious patient at the time of presentation ∼2 hours after ingestion of colchicine were nausea and impaired vision. Apart from a colchicine serum concentration of 16.2 ng/mL, no abnormalities were seen in the physical examination and blood tests. Gastrointestinal decontamination by activated charcoal, repeated administrations of sodium sulfate (Glauber salt) and substitution of volume and electrolytes led to complete recovery.


Language: Eng

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Citation Lin KH, Shiao JS, Guo NW, Liao SC, Kuo CY, Hu PY, Hsu JH, Hwang YH, Guo YL. J. Occup. Rehabil. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media)
DOI 10.1007/s10926-013-9431-3
PMID 23504486
Abstract Introduction This study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression at 12 months in workers experiencing different types of occupational injury in Taiwan. Demographic and injury-related risk factors for psychological symptoms were also evaluated. Methods Our study candidates were injured workers in Taiwan who were hospitalized for 3 days or longer and received hospitalization benefits from the Labor Insurance program. A two-staged survey study was conducted. A self-reported questionnaire including the Brief Symptom Rating Scale and Post-traumatic Symptom Checklist was sent to workers at 12 months after injury. Those who met the criteria were recruited for the second-stage phone interview with a psychiatrist using the Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results A total of 1,233 workers completed the questionnaire (response rate 28.0 %). Among them, 167 (13.5 %) fulfilled the criteria for the MINI interview and were invited. A total of 106 (63.5 %) completed the phone interview. The estimated rate of either PTSD/PPTSD or major depression was 5.2 %. The risk factors for psychological symptoms were female gender, lower education level, loss of consciousness after occupational injury, injury affecting physical appearance, occupational injury experience before this event, life experience before and after this injury, length of hospital stay, self-rated injury severity, and percentage of income to the family. Conclusions These results showed that occupational injury can cause long-term psychological impact in workers. Key demographic and injury characteristics may enhance the identification of at-risk occupational injured workers who would benefit from targeted screening and early intervention efforts.


Language: Eng

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Citation De Silva S, Parker A, Purcell R, Callahan P, Liu P, Hetrick S. Crisis 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and headspace Centre of Excellence, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, International Association for Suicide Prevention, Publisher Hogrefe Publishing)
DOI 10.1027/0227-5910/a000190
PMID 23502058
Abstract Background: Suicide and self-harm (SSH) in young people is a major cause of disability-adjusted life years. Effective interventions are of critical importance to reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with SSH. Aims: To investigate the extent and nature of research on interventions to prevent and treat SSH in young people using evidence mapping. Method: A systematic search for SSH intervention studies was conducted (participant mean age between 6-25 years). The studies were restricted to high-quality evidence in the form of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and controlled trials. Results: Thirty-eight controlled studies and six systematic reviews met the study inclusion criteria. The majority (n = 32) involved psychological interventions. Few studies (n = 9) involved treating young people with recognized mental disorders or substance abuse (n = 1) which also addressed SSH. Conclusion: The map was restricted to RCTs, CCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and thus might have neglected important information from other study designs. The effectiveness of interventions within the trials was not evaluated. The evidence base for SSH interventions in young people is not well established, which hampers best-practice efforts in this area. Promising interventions that need further research include school-based prevention programs with a skills training component, individual CBT interventions, interpersonal psychotherapy, and attachment-based family therapy. Gaps in the research exist in evaluations of interventions for SSH in young people with identifiable psychopathology, particularly substance use disorder, and research that classifies participants on the basis of their suicidal intent.


Language: Eng

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Citation van Dijk TK, Dijkshoorn H, van Dijk A, Cremer S, Agyemang C. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Documentation, and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), P. O. Box 2200, 1000 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, tvdijk@ggd.amsterdam.nl.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media)
DOI 10.1007/s00127-013-0678-y
PMID 23508370
Abstract PURPOSE: Ethnic inequalities in health in Western societies are well-documented but poorly understood. We examined associations between health locus of control (HLC) and depressive symptoms among native and non-native Dutch people in the Netherlands. METHODS: We used hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses on a representative sample of the multi-ethnic population of Amsterdam and The Hague (n = 10,302). HLC was measured with the multidimensional health locus of control scale. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress scale. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that HLC contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Respondents who scored high on external locus of control (PHLC) were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those with a low score on PHLC (β = 0.133, p < 0.001). Conversely, respondents scoring high on internal locus of control (IHLC) were less likely to have depressive symptoms compared to those scoring low on IHLC (β = -0.134, p < 0.001). The associations were most pronounced among Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch respondents. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HLC contributes to ethnic inequalities in depressive symptoms, especially among Turkish and Moroccan ethnic groups. Professionals (e.g. clinicians and policy makers) need to take HLC into account when assessing and treating depression among ethnic minority groups, particularly in Turkish and Moroccan populations. Future research should look further into the associations within these groups.


Language: Eng

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Citation Whitlock J, Muehlenkamp J, Eckenrode J, Purington A, Baral Abrams G, Barreira P, Kress V. J. Adolesc. Health 2012; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Electronic address: jlw43@cornell.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.010
PMID 23298982
Abstract PURPOSE: To investigate the extent to which nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) contributes to later suicide thoughts and behaviors (STB) independent of shared risk factors. METHODS: One thousand four hundred and sixty-six students at five U.S. colleges participated in a longitudinal study of the relationship between NSSI and suicide. NSSI, suicide history, and common risk/protective factors were assessed annually for three years. Analyses tested the hypotheses that the practice of NSSI prior to STB and suicide behavior (excluding ideation) reduced inhibition to later STB independent of shared risk factors. Analyses also examined factors that predicted subsequent STB among individuals with NSSI history. RESULTS: History of NSSI did significantly predict concurrent or later STB (AOR 2.8, 95%, CI 1.9-4.1) independent of covariates common to both. Among those with prior or concurrent NSSI, risk of STB is predicted by > 20 lifetime NSSI incidents (AOR 3.8, 95% CI, 1.4-10.3) and history of mental health treatment (AOR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.9-4.6). Risk of moving from NSSI to STB is decreased by presence of meaning in life (AOR .6, 95% CI, .5-.7) and reporting parents as confidants (AOR, .3, 95% CI, .1-.9). CONCLUSIONS: NSSI prior to suicide behavior serves as a "gateway" behavior for suicide and may reduce inhibition through habituation to self-injury. Treatments focusing on enhancing perceived meaning in life and building positive relationships with others, particularly parents, may be particularly effective in reducing suicide risk among youth with a history of NSSI.


Language: Eng

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Citation Sood S, Howell J, Sundararajan V, Angus P, Gow P. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1111/jgh.12196
PMID 23489151
Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM: Paracetamol is the most frequently used analgesic in Australia and can be purchased without a prescription. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology and outcome of paracetamol overdoses occurring in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: The Victorian admitted episode dataset was examined for all patients who had a diagnosis of paracetamol poisoning (ICD-10-AM: T39.1) or paracetamol adverse effect in therapeutic use (Y45.5) from 1(st) July 2000 - 30(th) June 2007. Data extracted included all ICD-10 codes related to their admissions, gender, age-range, date of admission and cause of death (if applicable). RESULTS: Over 7 years there was a total of 14,662 hospital admissions for paracetamol overdose with a mean of 2,095 cases per year. Accidental overdoses comprised 15% (n=2,149) of cases. The overdose rate fell from 46 cases per 100,000 in 2001 to 39 cases per 100,000 in 2006 (p<0.001). Most overdoses occurred in women (71%) and patients between 15 and 50 years old comprised 78% of all cases. Complications and mortality were relatively uncommon, with only 26 deaths directly attributable to paracetamol overdose over the 7 years. No child under 15 years old died from their overdose. CONCLUSION: Admission to Victorian hospitals with paracetamol overdose presents an enormous and in many cases preventable health care burden. Fortunately there has been a gradual fall in admissions and most cases appear relatively benign. Further reductions in overdose could be achieved with increased awareness by physicians and the general public regarding the potential for accidental overdose, and increasing funding for mental health initiatives.


Language: Eng

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Citation Iacoviello BM, Alloy LB, Abramson LY, Choi JY, Morgan JE. Depress. Anxiety 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1002/da.22085
PMID 23495016
Abstract BACKGROUND: Hopelessness depression (HD) is a subtype of depression postulated by the Hopelessness Theory of Depression to present as a constellation of symptoms occurring when an individual with a specific cognitive vulnerability (negative inferential style) experiences negative life events. In the current study, the course of HD episodes was evaluated prospectively and analyzed to explore patterns of symptom onset and remission. METHODS: In 169 HD episodes reported by 65 participants, survival analyses were conducted on the time to onset or remission for 29 individual symptoms. Survival analyses yielded probability density graphs for risk of onset and risk of offset that indicated whether the symptom tended to appear or remit early, late, or unpredictably during the episode. RESULTS: The symptom of hopelessness often appeared earliest in HD episodes, followed by self-blame, brooding/worry, decreased self-esteem, dependency, and decreased appetite. Hopelessness, decreased self-esteem, self-blame, brooding/worry, dependency, and increased appetite were typically the latest symptoms to remit. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provided evidence for patterns of symptom onset and remission in HD episodes. Hopelessness and other symptoms predicted to appear according to the Hopelessness Theory were generally the earliest to appear, latest to remit, and appeared to form the core syndrome of these HD episodes. Identifying patterns of symptom onset and remission may provide a tool for subtyping depression episodes. Clinically, these results point to the utility of attending to patterns of symptom onset and remission in patients presenting with HD episodes, particularly for treatment planning and monitoring.


Language: Eng

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Citation Kushner SJ. Del. Med. J. 2013; 85(1): 9-11.
Affiliation Department of Family and Community Health, Christiana Care Health System, USA.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Medical Society of Delaware)
DOI unavailable
PMID 23513328
Abstract
[Abstract unavailable]

Language: Eng

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Citation James LM, Van Kampen E, Miller RD, Engdahl BE. Mil. Med. 2013; 178(2): 159-165.
Affiliation Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Association of Military Surgeons of the United States)
DOI unavailable
PMID 23495461
Abstract Military personnel returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan commonly experience mental health problems and efforts are underway to determine risk and protective factors associated with postdeployment mental health concerns. This study examined the contribution of trait neuroticism, predeployment life events, combat experience, perceptions of threat, and postdeployment social support on mental health symptoms at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postdeployment. Two hundred seventy-one veterans completed self-report measures. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that neuroticism predicted post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms at all 3 time points; perceived threat predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms at time 1 and time 2 and depressive symptoms at time 2. Social support was a strong negative predictor of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Alcohol misuse was not significantly predicted by any of the variables. The present study highlights the role of perceived threat and trait neuroticism on postdeployment mental health symptoms and indicates social support is a robust protective factor. Efforts aimed at increasing sustained postdeployment social support may help defend against significant mental health problems among veterans.


Language: Eng

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Citation Wieshmann UC, Baker GA. BMJ Open 2013; 3(3): ePub.
Affiliation The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, BMJ Publishing Group)
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002564
PMID 23516271
Abstract OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the frequency of self-reported anger and depression in levetiracetam (LEV). DESIGN: We compared patients with epilepsy (PWE) taking LEV with PWE taking other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). SETTING: All PWE and controls submitted information to the UK AED register. PARTICIPANTS: We analysed the data of 418 PWE and 41 control participants. 158 participants took LEV in monotherapy or as part of polypharmacotherapy, 260 PWE took other AED. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All PWE and controls completed the Liverpool Adverse Event Profile (LAEP) which includes items on anger and depression quantified on a four-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating that there was never a problem; 2, rarely a problem; 3, sometimes a problem and 4, always or often a problem. RESULTS: 49% of PWE on LEV and 39% on AED other than LEV reported anger as sometimes or always being a problem (p=0.042). 48% of PWE on LEV and 45% on AED other than LEV reported depression as sometimes or always being a problem (p=0.584). 7% of control participants reported anger as sometimes being a problem and 93% reported anger as never or rarely being a problem. Depression was never a problem in 75% of controls and rarely a problem in 25%. CONCLUSIONS: Anger and depression were more frequently reported as a problem by PWE than by control participants. Our observational register of self-reported symptoms suggested anger being more often a problem in patients taking LEV than in PWE taking other AED. PWE should be informed about this potential problem of LEV.


Language: Eng

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Citation Loberiza FR, Cannon AJ. Cancer 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. floberiza@unmc.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Cancer Society, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1002/cncr.27982
PMID 23512257
Abstract
[Abstract unavailable]

Language: Eng



Journal Article
Citation Consoli A, Peyre H, Speranza M, Hassler C, Falissard B, Touchette E, Cohen D, Moro MR, Révah-Lévy A. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health 2013; 7(1): 8.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, BioMed Central)
DOI 10.1186/1753-2000-7-8
PMID 23497551
Abstract Context: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults in Europe. Reducing suicides is therefore a key public health target. Previous studies have shown associations between suicidal behaviors, depression and family factors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of family factors in depression and suicidality in a large community-based sample of adolescents and to explore specific contributions (e.g. mother vs. father; conflict vs. no conflict; separation vs. no separation) taking into account other risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 17 years was recruited in 2008. 36,757 French adolescents (18,593 girls and 18,164 boys) completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, drug use, family variables, suicidal ideations and attempts. Current depression was assessed with the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS). Adolescents were divided into 4 groups according to suicide risk severity (grade 1 = depressed without suicidal ideation and without suicide attempts, grade 2 = depressed with suicidal ideations and grade 3 = depressed with suicide attempts; grade 0 = control group). Multivariate regressions were applied to assess the Odds Ratio of potential risk factors comparing grade 1, 2 or 3 risk with grade 0. RESULTS: 7.5% of adolescents (10.4% among girls vs. 4.5% among boys) had ADRS scores compatible with depression; 16.2% reported suicidal ideations in the past 12 months and 8.2% reported lifetime suicide attempts. Repeating a year in school was significantly associated to severity grade of suicide risk (1 and 3), as well as all substance use, tobacco use (severity grades 2 and 3) and marijuana use (severity grade 3), for girls and boys. After adjustment, negative relationships with either or both parents, and parents living together but with a negative relationship were significantly associated with suicide risk and/or depression in both genders (all risk grades), and Odds Ratios increased according to risk severity grade. CONCLUSION: Family discord and negative relationship with parents were associated with an increased suicide risk in depressed adolescents. So it appears essential to take intrafamilial relationships into account in depressed adolescents to prevent suicidal behaviours.


Language: Eng

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Citation Park JY, Han JW, Jeong H, Jeong HG, Kim TH, Yoon IY, Kim KW. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.025
PMID 23497791
Abstract BACKGROUND: Suicide prevention in the elderly is a major public health priority worldwide and in Korea in particular. We investigated the one-month-point prevalence and factors related to suicidality for suicidal behaviors in elderly Koreans. METHODS: A simple random sample (N=1588) was drawn from the residential roster of 14,051 Koreans aged 60 years or older who were residents of Osan in February 2010. All subjects were invited to participate in the survey through door-to-door home visits, and the response rate was 59.8%. RESULTS: The age- and gender-standardized prevalence rates of lifetime suicide attempts, current suicidal ideation without a plan or attempt, and current suicidal ideation with a plan or attempt were estimated at 9.2%, 19.6%, and 2.24%. The prevalence of suicidal ideation without a plan or attempt was higher in women and less-educated individuals and increased with advancing age, whereas the prevalence of suicidal ideation with a plan or attempt was higher in more-educated individuals, was not differentiated by gender, increased until age 70, and then decreased thereafter. The factors related to suicidal ideation differed by the presence of a suicide plan or attempt. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive elders in their 70s who have recently developed suicidal ideation would be a prime target for suicide intervention programs. LIMITATIONS: The sample was regional, although the suicide rate in Osan was comparable to the average suicide rate in Korea.


Language: Eng

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Citation Ojagbemi A, Oladeji B, Abiona T, Gureje O. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13(1): 80.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, BioMed Central)
DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-13-80
PMID 23497382
Abstract BACKGROUND: An important reason for the high risk of suicide in the elderly is the determination with which they act out their suicidal thoughts. Early identification of suicidal behaviours in the elderly is therefore important for suicide prevention efforts in this population. METHOD: Data are from the Ibadan Study of Ageing (ISA), a household multi-stage probability sample of 2149 Yoruba Nigerians aged 65 years or older conducted between 2003 and 2004. We used the third version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to explore suicidal experiences and behaviours. In this report, only those experiences or behaviours reported to have occurred after the age of 65 years are the focus of analysis. Derived weights were applied to the data in accordance with the study design and associations were explored using logistic regression. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals.Result: In all, 4.0% (95% C.I= 3.1-4.2) of the subjects had suicidal ideation occurring after the age of 65 years, while 0.7% (95% C.I=0.4-1.3) and 0.2% (95% C.I= 0.1-0.4) reported suicidal plans and attempts, respectively. There was a significantly elevated likelihood of suicidal ideation among persons who had experienced spousal separation through death or divorce (O.R=4.9., 95% C.I= 1.5-15) or who were residing in rural settings (O.R=2.5, 95% C.I=1.3-4.8). CONCLUSION: Suicidal ideation is common among the elderly. About 20% and 6% of those with ideation proceed to plans and attempts, respectively. Circumstances of social isolation and exclusion are important correlates of suicidal behaviour in the elderly.


Language: Eng

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Citation Clements C, Morriss R, Jones S, Peters S, Roberts C, Kapur N. Psychol. Med. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Centre for Mental Health and Risk, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, UK.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Cambridge University Press)
DOI 10.1017/S0033291713000329
PMID 23510515
Abstract BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been reported to be associated with high risk of suicide. We aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of suicide in people with BD in a national sample. Method Suicide in BD in England from 1996 to 2009 was explored using descriptive statistics on data collected by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness (NCI). Suicide cases with a primary diagnosis of BD were compared to suicide cases with any other primary diagnosis. RESULTS: During the study period 1489 individuals with BD died by suicide, an average of 116 cases/year. Compared to other primary diagnosis suicides, those with BD were more likely to be female, more than 5 years post-diagnosis, current/recent in-patients, to have more than five in-patient admissions, and to have depressive symptoms. In BD suicides the most common co-morbid diagnoses were personality disorder and alcohol dependence. Approximately 40% were not prescribed mood stabilizers at the time of death. More than 60% of BD suicides were in contact with services the week prior to suicide but were assessed as low risk. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high rate of suicide in BD and the low estimates of risk, it is important that health professionals can accurately identify patients most likely to experience poor outcomes. Factors such as alcohol dependence/misuse, personality disorder, depressive illness and current/recent in-patient admission could characterize a high-risk group. Future studies need to operationalize clinically useful indicators of suicide risk in BD.


Language: Eng

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Citation Pirkis J, Spittal MJ, Cox G, Robinson J, Cheung YT, Studdert D. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia and Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, International Epidemiological Association, Publisher Oxford University Press)
DOI 10.1093/ije/dyt021
PMID 23505253
Abstract BACKGROUND: Certain sites have gained notoriety as 'hotspots' for suicide by jumping. Structural interventions (e.g. barriers and safety nets) have been installed at some of these sites. Individual studies examining the effectiveness of these interventions have been underpowered.Method We conducted a meta-analysis, pooling data from nine studies. RESULTS: Following the interventions, there was an 86% reduction in jumping suicides per year at the sites in question (95% CI 79% to 91%). There was a 44% increase in jumping suicides per year at nearby sites (95% CI 15% to 81%), but the net gain was a 28% reduction in all jumping suicides per year in the study cities (95% CI 13% to 40%). CONCLUSIONS: Structural interventions at 'hotspots' avert suicide at these sites. Some increases in suicide are evident at neighbouring sites, but there is an overall gain in terms of a reduction in all suicides by jumping.


Language: Eng

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Citation Kessler RC, Bromet EJ. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2013; 34: 119-138.
Affiliation Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; email: kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Annual Reviews)
DOI 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409
PMID 23514317
Abstract Epidemiological data are reviewed on the prevalence, course, socio-demographic correlates, and societal costs of major depression throughout the world. Major depression is estimated in these surveys to be a commonly occurring disorder. Although estimates of lifetime prevalence and course vary substantially across countries for reasons that could involve both substantive and methodological processes, the cross-national data are clear in documenting meaningful lifetime prevalence with wide variation in age-of-onset and high risk of lifelong chronic-recurrent persistence. A number of sociodemographic correlates of major depression are found consistently across countries, and cross-national data also document associations with numerous adverse outcomes, including difficulties in role transitions (e.g., low education, high teen childbearing, marital disruption, unstable employment), reduced role functioning (e.g., low marital quality, low work performance, low earnings), elevated risk of onset, persistence and severity of a wide range of secondary disorders, and increased risk of early mortality due to physical disorders and suicide.


Language: Eng

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Citation Schofield DJ, Callander EJ, Shrestha RN, Passey ME, Percival R, Kelly SJ. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.014
PMID 23507049
Abstract It is known that people with depression often have other co-morbid conditions; however this is rarely acknowledged in studies that access the economic impacts of depression. This paper aims to quantify the association between co-morbid health conditions and labour force status and economic circumstances of people with depression. This study undertakes cross-sectional analysis using a dataset that is representative of the 45-64 year old Australian population with depression. The probability of being out of the labour force increases with increasing number of co-morbidities, and the amount of weekly income received by people with depression decreased with increasing numbers of co-morbidities. Those with depression and three or more co-morbidities were 4.31 times more likely to be out of the labour force (95% CI: 1.74-10.68), and received a weekly private income 88% lower (95% CI: -94%, -75%) than people with depression alone. It is important to consider the co-morbid conditions an individual has when assessing the impact of depression on labour force participation and economic circumstances.


Language: Eng

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Citation Radovic S, Hasking P. Crisis 2013; ePub(ePub): 1-11.
Affiliation School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, International Association for Suicide Prevention, Publisher Hogrefe Publishing)
DOI 10.1027/0227-5910/a000199
PMID 23502059
Abstract Background: The high prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among young people has prompted research into why this may be a chosen coping strategy. One possibility is that the behavior is modeled from media depictions. Aims: The study examined the relationship between viewing films featuring NSSI and an individuals' knowledge, attitudes toward, and engagement in NSSI. Method: 317 individuals (18-30 years) completed an online survey measuring these key variables. Results: Exposure to NSSI in film was related to history of NSSI; an even stronger relationship emerged when individuals identified with the character. Films increase knowledge and empathy toward those engaging NSSI, but they may also serve to trigger NSSI. Conclusions: Portrayal of NSSI in film could be designed to minimize imitation and to consider the potential to increase knowledge of NSSI among those with little exposure to the behavior. However, because films may also trigger NSSI, further work is needed to determine under what circumstances, and for which individuals, films exert a protective or harmful effect.


Language: Eng

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Citation Ghoul A, Niwa EY, Boxer P. J. Adolesc. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Rutgers University, Department of Psychology, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. Electronic address: aghoul@bgsu.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.01.007
PMID 23489658
Abstract Peer victimization can challenge mental health, yet limited research has considered contingent self-worth as a moderator of that relation. This study examined the relation of peer victimization to major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia during adolescence, and contingent self-worth as a hypothesized moderator of those relations. Self-report data from adolescents (N = 716; Mage = 15.95; 94% ethnic/racial minority; 63% female) illustrated that peer victimization and contingent self-worth had significant additive effects on internalizing problems. Moderation analyses suggested that higher levels of contingent self-worth amplify the effect of victimization on internalizing problems. For social phobia, this effect appeared to be salient only for boys. Peer victimization and bullying are receiving increased national attention and these results underscore the impact of victimization on adolescent mental health. However, interventions targeting self-worth as a possible protective factor should be cautious not to over-emphasize externalities in the maintenance of self-worth.


Language: Eng

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Citation van Orden KA, Stone DM, Rowe J, McIntosh WL, Podgorski C, Conwell Y. Contemp. Clin. Trials 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation University of Rochester Medical Center. Electronic address: Kimberly_vanorden@urmc.rochester.edu.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI 10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.003
PMID 23506973
Abstract There is a pressing public health need to find interventions that reduce suicide risk in later life. Psychiatric and physical illness, functional decline, and social factors place seniors at risk for suicide. Reflecting this body of evidence, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified the promotion and strengthening of social connectedness, between and within the individual, family, community, and broader societal levels, as a key strategy for suicide prevention. The Senior Connection, a randomized trial of peer companionship for older adults, is described here, with an emphasis on the most novel features of the study design - grounding in a psychological theory of suicide and intervening at an early stage in the suicide risk trajectory by linking primary care patients with the Aging Services Provider Network.


Language: Eng

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Citation Pfeiffer PN, Kim HM, Ganoczy D, Zivin K, Valenstein M. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Affiliation Department of Veterans Affairs, National Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center and Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, American Association of Suicidology, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI 10.1111/sltb.12022
PMID 23510005
Abstract We evaluated whether treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as measured by the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) staging method was associated with suicide in a large U.S. health system. Data from the Veterans Health Administration and the National Death Index were used to conduct a case-control study of patients newly diagnosed with depression who received antidepressant treatment between 2003 and 2006. Suicide cases (N = 499) were matched with nonsuicide controls (N = 1994). Conditional logistic regression was used to assess whether MGH stage at time of suicide (or matched date) was associated with case status, adjusting for patient demographic characteristics, comorbidity, and service use. Results indicated 11.6% of suicide cases had MGH stage 3 or greater (indicating at least two antidepressant trials) compared to 6.4% of controls (p < .001). In adjusted analyses, suicide was not significantly more likely among patients with stage 3 or greater (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.37) or stages 1.5-2.5 (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.55) compared to patients with stage 1 or less (<10 weeks of antidepressant medication). Staging TRD using MGH criteria is unlikely to substantially improve suicide risk assessment of depressed patients beyond existing measures contained in health system records.


Language: Eng

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Citation Ritter K, Zitterl W, Stompe T. Neuropsychiatr. 2013; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Vernacular Title Arbeitslosigkeit, Suizid- und Tötungsraten in den EU-Staaten.
Affiliation Institut für Suchtdiagnostik, Modecenterstraße 16, 1030, Wien, Österreich, kristina.ritter@chello.at.
Copyright (Copyright © 2013, Dustri-Verlag)
DOI 10.1007/s40211-012-0051-5
PMID 23516129
Abstract BACKGROUND: While the link between the unemployment and the national suicide rates is confirmed by various studies, there are few investigations on the impact of unemployment on homicide rates. In particular, it is not known whether suicide and homicide are associated with the same socio-economic factors. METHODS: Using linear regression method, the influence of unemployment rates, per capita incomes and annual alcohol consumption on suicide and homicide rates was examined in the 27 EU states. RESULTS: We found a positive correlation between suicide and homicide rates. Unemployment among men is a strong predictor not only for suicide- but also for homicide rates. Suicide rates in men are also affected by the annual alcohol consumption. The suicide rates in women, however, correlate neither with socio-economic variables nor with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Unemployment seems to have a stronger impact on the male than on the female identity. Since the former is still highly dependent on predetermined social roles.


Language: Ger