Répartition
par sexe des tentatives de suicide chez les groupes d'immigrants dans
les pays européens, dans une perspective internationale
Contexte : Des études rapportent des taux élevés de tentatives de suicide chez les femmes immigrantes. Cette
étude évalue les variations dans la répartition des tentatives de
suicide entre les sexes dans les groupes d'immigrants et non-immigrants
en Europe.
L’étude conclue que les taux plus élevés de tentative de suicide dans les non-européennes
immigrantes par rapport aux hommes peuvent être le signe de difficultés
dans les processus d'acculturation en Europe. Une
meilleure compréhension des facteurs qui sous-tendent le comportement
suicidaire chez les immigrants et les groupes minoritaires est
nécessaire pour planifier les stratégies de prévention efficaces.
Article paru dans Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Volume 47, Number 2 (2012), 241-251 (2012)
Titre original : Gender distribution of suicide attempts among immigrant groups in European countries—an international perspective
Cendrine Bursztein Lipsicas (1),Ilkka Henrik Mäkinen (2) ,Danuta Wasserman1,Alan Apter (3) ,Ad Kerkhof(4), Konrad Michel (5),Ellinor Salander Renberg (6) ,Kees van Heeringen(7) ,Airi Värnik(8) and Armin Schmidtke (9)
http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/2/279.abstract.html?etoc
Abstract
Purpose
This study compares the frequencies of attempted suicide among immigrants and their hosts, between different immigrant groups, and between immigrants and their countries of origin.
Methods
The material, 27,048 persons, including 4,160 immigrants, was obtained from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour, the largest available European database, and was collected in a standardised manner from 11 European centres in 1989–2003. Person-based suicide-attempt rates (SARs) were calculated for each group. The larger immigrant groups were studied at each centre and compared across centres. Completed-suicide rates of their countries of origin were compared to the SARs of the immigrant groups using rank correlations.
Results
27 of 56 immigrant groups studied showed significantly higher, and only four groups significantly lower SARs than their hosts. Immigrant groups tended to have similar rates across different centres. Moreover, positive correlation between the immigrant SAR and the country-of-origin suicide rate was found. However, Chileans, Iranians, Moroccans, and Turks displayed high SARs as immigrants despite low suicide rates in the home countries.
Conclusions
The similarity of most immigrant groups’ SARs across centres, and the correlation with suicidality in the countries of origin suggest a strong continuity that can be interpreted in either cultural or genetic terms. However, the generally higher rates among immigrants compared to host populations and the similarity of the rates of foreign-born and those immigrants who retained the citizenship of their country of origin point to difficulties in the acculturation and integration process. The positive correlation found between attempted and completed suicide rates suggests that the two are related, a fact with strong implications for suicide prevention.
Keywords Suicide – Suicide attempt – Culture – Migration – Europe
Author Affiliations
1 National Prevention of Suicide and Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council's Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Lead Collaborating Centre of Mental Health Problems and Suicide across Europe, Sweden
2 Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST), School of Social Sciences, Södertörn University, Sweden
3 Feinberg Child Study Center and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
4 Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
5 University Psychiatric Services (UPD), Bern, Switzerland
6 Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Umeå University, Sweden
7 University Department of Psychiatry & Medical Psychology, Unit for Suicide Research, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
8 Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, Tallinn, Estonia
9 Unit for Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
Correspondence: Cendrine Bursztein Lipsicas (PhD candidate), National Prevention of Suicide and Mental Ill-Health (NASP) at the Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council's Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Sweden, tel: +972 4 6180138, fax: +972 4 6180138, e-mail: cendrinebursztein@gmail.com